Caudal

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Relevant Article Depot:

Caudal Epidural Block: An Updated Review of Anatomy and Techniques

Dexmedetomidine as an adjunct for caudal anesthesia and analgesia in children

Caudal anesthesia in pediatrics: an update

A Systematic Review of Caudal Anesthesia and Postoperative Outcomes in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients

The Use of Epinephrine in Caudal Anesthesia Increases Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output in Children

The effects of caudal local anesthesia blockade on the Bispectral Index during general anesthesia in children

Caudal anesthesia in children with shunt devices

Comparison of ropivacaine 0.1% and 0.2% with bupivacaine 0.2% for single-shot caudal anaesthesia in children

The use of additives to local anaesthetic solutions for caudal epidural blockade

Ultrasound-guided caudal blockade and sedation for paediatric surgery: a retrospective cohort study

Are caudal blocks for pain control safe in children? an analysis of 18,650 caudal blocks from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN) database

A comparison of high volume/low concentration and low volume/high concentration ropivacaine in caudal analgesia for pediatric orchiopexy

Detection of intravascular injection of regional anaesthetics in children

Case report: neurological complications associated with epidural analgesia in children: a report of 4 cases of ambiguous etiologies

Test Your Knowledge: newborn spinal cord

Caudal analgesia, hypospadias, and urethrocutaneous fistula: Does association mean causality?

Caudal Blocks and Hypospadias Repair Complications-Much Ado about Nothing or the Real Deal?

Caudal anesthesia is not associated with post-operative complications following distal hypospadias repair

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=caudal%20hypospadias

Volumes of the spinal canal and caudal space in children zero to three years of age assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: implications for volume dosage of caudal blockade

Kim HJ, Kim H, Lee S, Koh WU, Park SS, Ro Y. Reconsidering injection volume for caudal epidural block in young pediatric patients: a dynamic flow tracking experimental study. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine 2024;49(5):355-360. (In eng). DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104409.

2. Ahmed Z, Mai C, Skinner KG, Yaster M. At the birth of pediatric anesthesia in Mexico: An interview with Dr. Estela Melman, a pioneering woman in medicine. Paediatric anaesthesia 2018;28(12):1066-1070. (In eng). DOI: 10.1111/pan.13518.

3. Hannallah RS, Broadman LM, Belman AB, Abramowitz MD, Epstein BS. Comparison of caudal and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks for control of post-orchiopexy pain in pediatric ambulatory surgery. Anesthesiology 1987;66(6):832-834.

4. Polaner DM, Taenzer AH, Walker BJ, et al. Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN): a multi-institutional study of the use and incidence of complications of pediatric regional anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia 2012;115(6):1353-64. (In eng). DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31825d9f4b.

5. Adler AC, Belon CA, Guffey DM, Minard CG, Patel NV, Chandrakantan A. Real-Time Ultrasound Improves Accuracy of Caudal Block in Children. Anesthesia and analgesia 2020;130(4):1002-1007. (In eng). DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004067.

6. Jain D, Hussain SY, Ayub A. Comparative evaluation of landmark technique and ultrasound-guided caudal epidural injection in pediatric population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatric anaesthesia 2022;32(1):35-42. (In eng). DOI: 10.1111/pan.14332.

7. Boretsky KR, Camelo C, Waisel DB, et al. Confirmation of success rate of landmark-based caudal blockade in children using ultrasound: A prospective analysis. Paediatric anaesthesia 2020;30(6):671-675. (In eng). DOI: 10.1111/pan.13865.

8. Ponde V, Shah D, Nagdev T, Balasubramanian H, Boretsky K. Ultrasound determination of the dural sac to sacrococcygeal membrane distance in premature neonates. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine 2022;47(5):327-329. (In eng). DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2021-103344.

9. Brenner L, Marhofer P, Kettner SC, et al. Ultrasound assessment of cranial spread during caudal blockade in children: the effect of different volumes of local anaesthetics. British journal of anaesthesia 2011;107(2):229-35. (In eng). DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer128.

10. Sinha C, Kumar A, Sharma S, et al. Ultrasound assessment of cranial spread during caudal blockade in children: Effect of different volumes of local anesthetic. Saudi journal of anaesthesia 2017;11(4):449-453. (In eng). DOI: 10.4103/sja.SJA_284_17.

Eizaga Rebollar R, Carnota Martín AI, Borreiros Rodríguez E, Rojo Díez R. Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome Discovered during Ultrasound-guided Caudal Block. Anesthesiology. 2024 Jun 1;140(6):1203-1204. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004899. PMID: 38498665.

Koo BN, Hong JY, Song HT, Kim JM, Kil HK. Ultrasonography reveals a high prevalence of lower spinal dysraphism in children with urogenital anomalies. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2012;56(5):624-8. (In eng). DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02612.x.

Real-Time Ultrasonography for the Placement of Caudal Epidurals for Thoracic Surgery in Infants: A Description of the Technique and Case Series