TYK33: Difference between revisions

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All of the following concerning blood typing are correct EXCEPT:
All of the following concerning blood typing are correct EXCEPT:


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D. Cross matching is only required for transfusion of PRBCs
D. Cross matching is only required for transfusion of PRBCs
 
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==Answer==
==Answer==
The answer is C. Repeat screening is not required in infants younger than 4 months of age due to decreased antibody formation from an immature immune system.  In fact, some centers give every infant O negative blood (because the type and screen is unreliable in infancy).  Antibodies are usually not present at birth but may arise in most individuals by about 6-8 months of age. In the first 6-8 months of life,  infants are exposed to a variety of antigens (foods, micro-organisms, etc) which have antigenic characteristics that are similar and that are cross reactive with the blood group antigens/antibodies.  These antigens can then provide the stimulation for antibody formation in infants who do not already have these antibodies.  One example of this is Escherichia coli having type B like antigens. Any antibodies produced that react to the PATIENTS own red blood cells (B antigen for an A blood type patient) will be limited via self tolerance.
The answer is C. Repeat screening is not required in infants younger than 4 months of age due to decreased antibody formation from an immature immune system.  In fact, some centers give every infant O negative blood (because the type and screen is unreliable in infancy).  Antibodies are usually not present at birth but may arise in most individuals by about 6-8 months of age. In the first 6-8 months of life,  infants are exposed to a variety of antigens (foods, micro-organisms, etc) which have antigenic characteristics that are similar and that are cross reactive with the blood group antigens/antibodies.  These antigens can then provide the stimulation for antibody formation in infants who do not already have these antibodies.  One example of this is Escherichia coli having type B like antigens. Any antibodies produced that react to the PATIENTS own red blood cells (B antigen for an A blood type patient) will be limited via self tolerance.
==Notes==
==Notes==
<references />
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Markus Weiss, MD. Uncuffed versus Cuffed Endotracheal Tubes. [http://www.pedsanesthesia.org/meetings/2007annual/syllabus/Faculty_Manuscripts/Weiss-Uncuffed%20versus%20cuffed.pdf Abstract SPA-APA Meeting San Francisco 2007]
==Keywords==
==Keywords==
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