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All of the following concerning blood typing are correct EXCEPT: | All of the following concerning blood typing are correct EXCEPT: | ||
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D. Cross matching is only required for transfusion of PRBCs | D. Cross matching is only required for transfusion of PRBCs | ||
<div class="mw-customtoggle-TYK_Answer" style="text-align: right; color:#0000ff">Click for Answer</div> | |||
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==Answer== | ==Answer== | ||
The answer is C. Repeat screening is not required in infants younger than 4 months of age due to decreased antibody formation from an immature immune system. In fact, some centers give every infant O negative blood (because the type and screen is unreliable in infancy). Antibodies are usually not present at birth but may arise in most individuals by about 6-8 months of age. In the first 6-8 months of life, infants are exposed to a variety of antigens (foods, micro-organisms, etc) which have antigenic characteristics that are similar and that are cross reactive with the blood group antigens/antibodies. These antigens can then provide the stimulation for antibody formation in infants who do not already have these antibodies. One example of this is Escherichia coli having type B like antigens. Any antibodies produced that react to the PATIENTS own red blood cells (B antigen for an A blood type patient) will be limited via self tolerance. | The answer is C. Repeat screening is not required in infants younger than 4 months of age due to decreased antibody formation from an immature immune system. In fact, some centers give every infant O negative blood (because the type and screen is unreliable in infancy). Antibodies are usually not present at birth but may arise in most individuals by about 6-8 months of age. In the first 6-8 months of life, infants are exposed to a variety of antigens (foods, micro-organisms, etc) which have antigenic characteristics that are similar and that are cross reactive with the blood group antigens/antibodies. These antigens can then provide the stimulation for antibody formation in infants who do not already have these antibodies. One example of this is Escherichia coli having type B like antigens. Any antibodies produced that react to the PATIENTS own red blood cells (B antigen for an A blood type patient) will be limited via self tolerance. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
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Markus Weiss, MD. Uncuffed versus Cuffed Endotracheal Tubes. [http://www.pedsanesthesia.org/meetings/2007annual/syllabus/Faculty_Manuscripts/Weiss-Uncuffed%20versus%20cuffed.pdf Abstract SPA-APA Meeting San Francisco 2007] | |||
==Keywords== | ==Keywords== | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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