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Which of the following conditions increases pulmonary vascular resistance?
A. Hyperoxia
B. Alkalosis
C. Low hematocrit
D. Atelectasis
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Answer
The answer is D. Atelectasis. Various physiologic conditions may affect pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Situations that may increase PVR include hypoxia, hypercarbia and/or acidosis, positive pressure ventilation (and PEEP above FRC), high hematocrit, atelectasis (or PEEP below FRC). Situations that decrease PVR include hyperoxia or oxygen supplementation, hypocarbia and/or alkalosis, PEEP at FRC, anemia and nitric oxide.
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