Which of the following is the factor LEAST associated with poor outcomes for a pediatric renal transplant recipient?
a) Multiple transfusion of blood products
b) Cadaveric graft
c) Laparoscopically-obtained living donor graft
d) Pre-transplant dialysis status
Answer c. Of those listed above, the factors most strongly associated with poor outcomes include greater than five lifetime transfusions and a history of pretransplant dialysis. In general, cadaveric grafts have been associated with poorer outcomes than living-donor grafts. There is a modestly poorer outcome associated with grafts that are laparoscopically-obtained rather than by open surgery, but the outcome benefit from living donor grafts compared to cadaveric grafts exceeds the outcome risk of laparoscopy.