BIS
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Processed EEG monitor, translating EEG waves into a numeric scale ranging from 0 (complete EEG suppression) to 100 (fully awake). It is said that adequate anesthesia may be present with a BIS value of 40-60. Studies have shown that intraoperative BIS, compared to clinical signs, may have a reduction of intraoperative awareness (OR) 0.36, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.60; I2 = 61%; 27 studies; 9765 participants[1], time to eye opening, time to orientation, and time to discharge patient from PACU[1]. However, BIS guided anesthesia did not show a clinical difference to anesthesia guided by end tidal anesthetic gas concentration (ETAC). Furthermore, studies show that neuromuscular blockade alone, without other anesthetics, decrease the value of BIS.[2] Therefore, the accuracy and reliability of BIS are questionable.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557307/
- ↑ Schuller PJ, Newell S, Strickland PA, Barry JJ. Response of bispectral index to neuromuscular block in awake volunteers. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Jul;115 Suppl 1:i95-i103.