Neurocognitive Risk

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Relevant Article Depot:

1. McCann ME, de Graaff JC, Dorris L, Disma N, Withington D, Bell G, Grobler A, Stargatt R, Hunt RW, Sheppard SJ et al: Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years of age after general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international, multicentre, randomised, controlled equivalence trial. Lancet (London, England) 2019, 393(10172):664–677.

2. Sun LS, Li G, Miller TLK, Salorio C, Byrne MW, Bellinger DC, Ing C, Park R, Radcliffe J, Hays SR et al: Association Between a Single General Anesthesia Exposure Before Age 36 Months and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Later Childhood. Jama 2016, 315(21):2312–2320.

3. Hu D, Flick RP, Zaccariello MJ, Colligan RC, Katusic SK, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Buenvenida SL, Gleich SJ, Wilder RT et al: Association between Exposure of Young Children to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia and Learning and Behavioral Outcomes in a Population-based Birth Cohort. Anesthesiology 2017, 127(2):227–240.

4. Johnson SC, Pan A, Sun GX, Freed A, Stokes JC, Bornstein R, Witkowski M, Li L, Ford JM, Howard CRA et al: Relevance of experimental paradigms of anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in the mouse. PloS one 2019, 14(3):e0213543.

5. Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Hartman RE, Izumi Y, Benshoff ND, Dikranian K, Zorumski CF, Olney JW, Wozniak DF: Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits. JNeurosci 2003, 23(3):876–882.

6. Davidson A, Ing C: The Second Randomized Trial to Suggest You Shouldn’t Change Your Anesthetic in Infants to Avoid Neurotoxicity. Anesthesiology 2025, 143(4):799–801.

7. Ji SH, Kang P, Cho SA, Park JB, Jang YE, Kim EH, Kim JT, Kim HS, Jung HJ, Jung HA et al: Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Remifentanil on Neurodevelopment of Children after Inhalation Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesthesiology 2025, 143(4):827–834.

Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort Anesthesia and Babies' Brains: Lessons from the Lounge