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NMBA
NMBA
NMBD
NMBD


<b>Standards/Guidelines</b>
<b>Standards/Guidelines</b>
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[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10983014/ Neuromuscular blockade in children]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10983014/ Neuromuscular blockade in children]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30594097/ Incidence, risk factors, and consequences of residual neuromuscular block in the United States: The prospective, observational, multicenter RECITE-US study]




Line 15: Line 18:


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7114542/ Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of d-tubocurarine in infants, children, and adults.]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7114542/ Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of d-tubocurarine in infants, children, and adults.]
[[Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency]]




Line 20: Line 25:


[https://www.bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(23)00143-9/fulltext Neuromuscular block management: evidence-based principles and practice]
[https://www.bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(23)00143-9/fulltext Neuromuscular block management: evidence-based principles and practice]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34813652/ Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring and Postoperative Outcomes: A Narrative Review]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28795964/ Neuromuscular Monitoring in the Perioperative Period]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31607388/ Use of a train-of-four ratio of 0.95 versus 0.9 for tracheal extubation: an exploratory analysis of POPULAR data]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23001053/ Intraoperative neuromuscular monitoring site and residual paralysis]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35188958/ Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring in Clinical Practice: A Professional Practice Change Initiative]




<b>Agents</b>
<b>Agents</b>


Depolarizing
''Depolarizing''
::Succinylcholine
 
 
Succinylcholine
 
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03032.x The place of suxamethonium in pediatric anesthesia]
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03032.x The place of suxamethonium in pediatric anesthesia]
   
   
Non-Depolarizing
 
::Rocuronium
''Non-Depolarizing''
 
 
Rocuronium
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9054273/][[TYK6 |Intramuscular rocuronium]]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9366462/][[TYK6 |Bioavailability of intramuscular rocuronium in infants and children]]
 
 
[[TYK6 |Test Your Knowledge]]: unique advantage of rocuronium
[[TYK6 |Test Your Knowledge]]: unique advantage of rocuronium
::Vecuronium
::Cis-atracurium


<b>Antagonism/Reversal</b>
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21474022/ Assessment of neuromuscular blockade in children at the time of block reversal and the removal of the endotracheal tube]


:<b>Sugammadex</b>
Vecuronium


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31584918/ Retrospective Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine for the Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in Children]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004442/137334/Encapsulation-dynamics-of-neuromuscular-blocking Encapsulation dynamics of neuromuscular blocking drugs by sugammadex]
Cis-atracurium


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34878707/ Sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients: Results from a phase IV randomized study]


[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(19)30835-9/fulltext Comparison of incidence of anaphylaxis between sugammadex and neostigmine: a retrospective multicentre observational study]
<b>Antagonism/Reversal</b>


:<b>Neostigmine</b>
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21474022/ Assessment of neuromuscular blockade in children at the time of block reversal and the removal of the endotracheal tube]


<b>Historic</b>
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33543867/ A Survey of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia on the Use, Monitoring, and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade]
::Gallamine
::Micacurium
::Curare


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36520074/ Measuring Success of Patient Safety Initiatives: The 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/139/1/6/138070/A-Dose-finding-Study-of-Sugammadex-for-Reversal-of A Dose-finding Study of Sugammadex for Reversal of Rocuronium in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Postoperative Monitoring for Recurrent Paralysis]




Sugammadex


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31584918/ Retrospective Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine for the Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in Children]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004442/137334/Encapsulation-dynamics-of-neuromuscular-blocking Encapsulation dynamics of neuromuscular blocking drugs by sugammadex]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28806470/ Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29280475/ The comparative efficacy and safety of sugammadex and neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults. A Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34878707/ Sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients: Results from a phase IV randomized study]


[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(19)30835-9/fulltext Comparison of incidence of anaphylaxis between sugammadex and neostigmine: a retrospective multicentre observational study]


[https://www.bjaopen.org/article/S2772-6096(22)00091-0/fulltext Safety of sugammadex for myasthaenia gravis patients undergoing general anaesthesia: a retrospective database study]


[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.15902 A prospective observational study of the effects of sugammadex on peri-operative oestrogen and progesterone levels in women who take hormonal contraception]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33329823/ Advantages and pitfalls of clinical application of sugammadex]


[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anr3.12233 Cardiac arrest following sugammadex administration]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/138/2/152/137334/Encapsulation-Dynamics-of-Neuromuscular-Blocking Encapsulation Dynamics of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs by Sugammadex]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/139/1/6/138070/A-Dose-finding-Study-of-Sugammadex-for-Reversal-of A Dose-finding Study of Sugammadex for Reversal of Rocuronium in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Postoperative Monitoring for Recurrent Paralysis]


[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(23)00385-9/fulltext A retrospective observational cross-sectional study of intraoperative neuromuscular blocking agent choice and dosing in a US paediatric referral hospital before and after introduction of sugammadex]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/139/1/108/138037/Sugammadex-Vial-Wastage-Implications-for-the-Cost Sugammadex Vial Wastage: Implications for the Cost of Anesthesia Care in Children: Research Letter]




Neostigmine
'''Anaphylaxis'''
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26646837/ Sugammadex and rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21149287/ Sugammadex in the management of rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33543867/ A Survey of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia on the Use, Monitoring, and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35212434/ Role of sugammadex in the treatment of anaphylaxis due to rocuronium in children: Extrapolation from adult and animal reports]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28806470/ Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512555/ The cyclodextrin sugammadex and anaphylaxis to rocuronium: is rocuronium still potentially allergenic in the inclusion complex form?]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29280475/ The comparative efficacy and safety of sugammadex and neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults. A Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis]
[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(23)00104-6/fulltext Pholcodine exposure increases the risk of perioperative anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents: the ALPHO case-control study]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30594097/ Incidence, risk factors, and consequences of residual neuromuscular block in the United States: The prospective, observational, multicenter RECITE-US study]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26646837/  Sugammadex and rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis]
<b>Historic</b>


[https://www.bjaopen.org/article/S2772-6096(22)00091-0/fulltext Safety of sugammadex for myasthaenia gravis patients undergoing general anaesthesia: a retrospective database study]
Gallamine


[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.15902 A prospective observational study of the effects of sugammadex on peri-operative oestrogen and progesterone levels in women who take hormonal contraception]


[[Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency]]
Micacurium


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10638896/ Neuromuscular effects of mivacurium in 2- to 12-yr-old children with burn injury]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10638896/ Neuromuscular effects of mivacurium in 2- to 12-yr-old children with burn injury]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33543867/ A Survey of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia on the Use, Monitoring, and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36520074/ Measuring Success of Patient Safety Initiatives: The 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade]
Curare
 


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34813652/ Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring and Postoperative Outcomes: A Narrative Review]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28795964/ Neuromuscular Monitoring in the Perioperative Period]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31607388/ Use of a train-of-four ratio of 0.95 versus 0.9 for tracheal extubation: an exploratory analysis of POPULAR data]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23001053/ Intraoperative neuromuscular monitoring site and residual paralysis]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35188958/ Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring in Clinical Practice: A Professional Practice Change Initiative]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26646837/ Sugammadex and rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33329823/ Advantages and pitfalls of clinical application of sugammadex]


[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anr3.12233 Cardiac arrest following sugammadex administration]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/138/2/152/137334/Encapsulation-Dynamics-of-Neuromuscular-Blocking Encapsulation Dynamics of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs by Sugammadex]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9054273/ Intramuscular rocuronium]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9366462/ Bioavailability of intramuscular rocuronium in infants and children]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10485771/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10485771/]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10485771/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10485771/]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/139/1/6/138070/A-Dose-finding-Study-of-Sugammadex-for-Reversal-of A Dose-finding Study of Sugammadex for Reversal of Rocuronium in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Postoperative Monitoring for Recurrent Paralysis]


[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(23)00385-9/fulltext A retrospective observational cross-sectional study of intraoperative neuromuscular blocking agent choice and dosing in a US paediatric referral hospital before and after introduction of sugammadex]


[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(23)00104-6/fulltext Pholcodine exposure increases the risk of perioperative anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents: the ALPHO case-control study]


Suárez Delgado JM, Hernández Soto R, Vilches Martín MJ, Romero RR, Vaz Calderón MA, García Perla JL. Anaesthetic considerations for myelomeningocele in neonates. Paediatr Anaesth. 1998; 8(4): 363-4. PMID: 9672939
Suárez Delgado JM, Hernández Soto R, Vilches Martín MJ, Romero RR, Vaz Calderón MA, García Perla JL. Anaesthetic considerations for myelomeningocele in neonates. Paediatr Anaesth. 1998; 8(4): 363-4. PMID: 9672939
Line 131: Line 157:
Dierdorf SF, McNiece WL, Rao CC, Wolfe TM, Means LJ. Failure of succinylcholine to alter plasma potassium in children with myelomeningocoele. Anesthesiology. 1986 Feb; 64(2): 272-3. PMID: 3946815
Dierdorf SF, McNiece WL, Rao CC, Wolfe TM, Means LJ. Failure of succinylcholine to alter plasma potassium in children with myelomeningocoele. Anesthesiology. 1986 Feb; 64(2): 272-3. PMID: 3946815


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/139/1/108/138037/Sugammadex-Vial-Wastage-Implications-for-the-Cost Sugammadex Vial Wastage: Implications for the Cost of Anesthesia Care in Children: Research Letter]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21149287/ Sugammadex in the management of rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35212434/ Role of sugammadex in the treatment of anaphylaxis due to rocuronium in children: Extrapolation from adult and animal reports]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512555/ The cyclodextrin sugammadex and anaphylaxis to rocuronium: is rocuronium still potentially allergenic in the inclusion complex form?]


Analysis of the factors contributing to residual weakness after sugammadex administration in pediatric patients under 2 years of age. Paediatr Anaesth. 2023 Oct 4. doi: 10.1111/pan.14773. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37792601
Analysis of the factors contributing to residual weakness after sugammadex administration in pediatric patients under 2 years of age. Paediatr Anaesth. 2023 Oct 4. doi: 10.1111/pan.14773. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37792601

Revision as of 22:21, 25 September 2025

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Relevant Article Depot:

NMBA NMBD


Standards/Guidelines

2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade. Anesthesiology 2023;138:13-41

Neuromuscular blockade in children

Incidence, risk factors, and consequences of residual neuromuscular block in the United States: The prospective, observational, multicenter RECITE-US study


Physiology

Development of the neuromuscular junction and neuromuscular blocking agents in neonates, infants and children: A narrative review

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of d-tubocurarine in infants, children, and adults.

Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency


Monitoring

Neuromuscular block management: evidence-based principles and practice

Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring and Postoperative Outcomes: A Narrative Review

Neuromuscular Monitoring in the Perioperative Period

Use of a train-of-four ratio of 0.95 versus 0.9 for tracheal extubation: an exploratory analysis of POPULAR data

Intraoperative neuromuscular monitoring site and residual paralysis

Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring in Clinical Practice: A Professional Practice Change Initiative


Agents

Depolarizing


Succinylcholine

The place of suxamethonium in pediatric anesthesia


Non-Depolarizing


Rocuronium

[1]Intramuscular rocuronium

[2]Bioavailability of intramuscular rocuronium in infants and children


Test Your Knowledge: unique advantage of rocuronium


Vecuronium


Cis-atracurium


Antagonism/Reversal

Assessment of neuromuscular blockade in children at the time of block reversal and the removal of the endotracheal tube

A Survey of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia on the Use, Monitoring, and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade

Measuring Success of Patient Safety Initiatives: The 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade

A Dose-finding Study of Sugammadex for Reversal of Rocuronium in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Postoperative Monitoring for Recurrent Paralysis


Sugammadex

Retrospective Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine for the Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in Children

Encapsulation dynamics of neuromuscular blocking drugs by sugammadex

Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults

The comparative efficacy and safety of sugammadex and neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults. A Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients: Results from a phase IV randomized study

Comparison of incidence of anaphylaxis between sugammadex and neostigmine: a retrospective multicentre observational study

Safety of sugammadex for myasthaenia gravis patients undergoing general anaesthesia: a retrospective database study

A prospective observational study of the effects of sugammadex on peri-operative oestrogen and progesterone levels in women who take hormonal contraception

Advantages and pitfalls of clinical application of sugammadex

Cardiac arrest following sugammadex administration

Encapsulation Dynamics of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs by Sugammadex

A Dose-finding Study of Sugammadex for Reversal of Rocuronium in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Postoperative Monitoring for Recurrent Paralysis

A retrospective observational cross-sectional study of intraoperative neuromuscular blocking agent choice and dosing in a US paediatric referral hospital before and after introduction of sugammadex

Sugammadex Vial Wastage: Implications for the Cost of Anesthesia Care in Children: Research Letter


Neostigmine


Anaphylaxis

Sugammadex and rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis

Sugammadex in the management of rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis

Role of sugammadex in the treatment of anaphylaxis due to rocuronium in children: Extrapolation from adult and animal reports

The cyclodextrin sugammadex and anaphylaxis to rocuronium: is rocuronium still potentially allergenic in the inclusion complex form?

Pholcodine exposure increases the risk of perioperative anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents: the ALPHO case-control study


Historic

Gallamine


Micacurium

Neuromuscular effects of mivacurium in 2- to 12-yr-old children with burn injury


Curare







https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10485771/



Suárez Delgado JM, Hernández Soto R, Vilches Martín MJ, Romero RR, Vaz Calderón MA, García Perla JL. Anaesthetic considerations for myelomeningocele in neonates. Paediatr Anaesth. 1998; 8(4): 363-4. PMID: 9672939

Dierdorf SF, McNiece WL, Rao CC, Wolfe TM, Means LJ. Failure of succinylcholine to alter plasma potassium in children with myelomeningocoele. Anesthesiology. 1986 Feb; 64(2): 272-3. PMID: 3946815



Analysis of the factors contributing to residual weakness after sugammadex administration in pediatric patients under 2 years of age. Paediatr Anaesth. 2023 Oct 4. doi: 10.1111/pan.14773. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37792601

Recurarisation after sugammadex in children: review of case reports and recommendations

Antiepileptic-Induced Resistance to Neuromuscular Blockers: Mechanisms and Clinical Significance

Pediatric Intraoperative Electromyographic Responses at the Adductor Pollicis and Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscles: A Prospective, Comparative Analysis

Accuracy and Precision of Three Acceleromyographs, Three Electromyographs, and a Mechanomyograph Measuring the Train-of-four Ratio in the Absence of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs

Thilen SR, Sherpa JR, James AM, Cain KC, Treggiari MM, Bhananker SM. Management of Muscle Relaxation With Rocuronium and Reversal With Neostigmine or Sugammadex Guided by Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring. Anesth Analg. 2024 Sep 1;139(3):536-544. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006511. Epub 2023 May 12. PMID: 37171989.

Mason LJ, Betts EK. Leg lift and maximum inspiratory force, clinical signs of neuromuscular blockade reversal in neonates and infants. Anesthesiology. 1980 May;52(5):441-2. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198005000-00015. PMID: 6990835.

Goldilocks and the Three Rocuronium Reversals: A Sugammadex Dose-finding Study

Sugammadex hypersensitivity: a multicentre retrospective analysis of a large Australian cohort

Factors Associated With Decision to Use and Dosing of Sugammadex in Children: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study

What we need to know and do on sugammadex usage in pregnant and lactating women and those on hormonal contraceptives

StatPearls: Sugammadex

Drug challenge testing: a critical step in the investigation of neuromuscular blocking agent hypersensitivity

Optimal rocuronium dose for intubation during inhalation induction with sevoflurane in children

X tweet about sugammadex

Safety of Sugammadex in Pregnancy, Pediatrics, and Renal Failure

Impact of Sugammadex Introduction on Using Neuromuscular Blockade and Endotracheal Intubation in a Pediatric Hospital: A Retrospective, Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Unintended Consequences: Is Sugammadex Changing the Way We Deliver Anesthesia?

A Survey of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia on the Use, Monitoring, and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade

2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade

Intraoperative Electroencephalogram Suppression Predicts Postoperative Delirium

Heart rate changes following the administration of sugammadex in children: a prospective, observational study

Rocuronium-Sugammadex Versus Cisatracurium-Neostigmine in Kidney Disease: Making Sense of Surprising Results

Sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in neonates and infants <2 years old: results from a phase IV randomized clinical trial

[Grigg E. Sugammadex and neuromuscular reversal: Special focus on neonatal and infant populations. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Jun; 33(3): 374-380. PMID: 32324657

Gaver RS, Brenn BR, Gartley A, Donahue BS. Retrospective analysis of the safety and efficacy of sugammadex versus neostigmine for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in children. Anesth Analg. 2019 Oct; 129(4): 1124-1129. PMID: 31584918

Tobias JD. Current evidence for the use of sugammadex in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017 Feb; 27(2): 118-125. PMID: 27859917

Sugammadex for Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in Neonates and Infants Less than 2 Years Old: Results from a Phase IV Randomized Clinical Trial

Sugammadex for Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in Neonates and Infants Less than 2 Years Old: Results from a Phase IV Randomized Clinical Trial

Skin Injury after Removal of Electrode Used for Quantitative Monitoring of Neuromuscular Transmission

Incidence of immediate hypersensitivity to sugammadex in Aotearoa New Zealand: a retrospective cohort study

Todd MM, Kopman AF: Sugammadex Is Not a Silver Bullet: Caveats Regarding Unmonitored Reversal. Anesthesiology 2023, 139(1):1–3.

Thilen SR, Weigel WA, Todd MM, Dutton RP, Lien CA, Grant SA, Szokol JW, Eriksson LI, Yaster M, Grant MD et al: 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade. Anesthesiology 2023, 138(1):13–41.

Fuchs-Buder T, Romero CS, Lewald H, Lamperti M, Afshari A, Hristovska AM, Schmartz D, Hinkelbein J, Longrois D, Popp M et al: Peri-operative management of neuromuscular blockade: A guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. European journal of anaesthesiology 2023, 40(2):82–94.

Bowdle TA, Haththotuwegama KJ, Jelacic S, Nguyen ST, Togashi K, Michaelsen KE: A Dose-finding Study of Sugammadex for Reversal of Rocuronium in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Postoperative Monitoring for Recurrent Paralysis. Anesthesiology 2023, 139(1):6–15.

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