Cardiovascular System: Difference between revisions
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==GENERAL== | |||
* 1st functional organ system in the embryo | |||
* Cardiac pathology during development is either genetic, enviornmental or combination of both | |||
* Cardiac structures arise initially from mesoderm which proliferates into angiogenic cell clusters. These intraembryonic clusters multiply and coalese to form a plexus with a lumen (= the embryonic cardiac tube) | |||
* The extraembryonic cell clusters form the vitelline & umbilical vesels which by budding contact the heart tube | |||
==DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEART== | |||
(Fig. 1) | |||
* Mechamisms that initiate formation of the heart are not well understood; however the heart tube position is initially determined by brain growth | |||
* Formation of the neural tube by folding causes fusion of the heart tube in the midline, to become a single endocardial tube | |||
* The primitive heart tube buldges into the pericardial cavity where it is surrounded by splanchnopluric meso-derm. Resulting heart tube consists of 4 layers: the endocardium, the cardiac jelly (= endocardial cushions) the myocardium, and the epicardium | |||
* At this stage embryo is 23 days old and the heart begins to beat from a focus in the sinus venosus | |||
FORMATION OF THE HEART LOOP (Fig. 2) | |||
# Intrapericardial = bulboventricular portion of heart | |||
# Extrapericardial = atrium/sinus venous + Ao roots | |||
* During the next stage of development, the bulboventricular portion of the heart forms a loop to the RIGHT, forming a flange (= the bulboventircular flange) | |||
* Region proximal to flange expands to become the embryonic ventricles, while the distal portion becomes the bulbus cordis | |||
* Mechanism of cardiac looping not well understood | |||
[[TYK2| Test Your Knowledge]]:increase in mean airway pressure effect on complex cardiac anatomy | [[TYK2| Test Your Knowledge]]:increase in mean airway pressure effect on complex cardiac anatomy | ||
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Relevant Article Depot:
GENERAL
- 1st functional organ system in the embryo
- Cardiac pathology during development is either genetic, enviornmental or combination of both
- Cardiac structures arise initially from mesoderm which proliferates into angiogenic cell clusters. These intraembryonic clusters multiply and coalese to form a plexus with a lumen (= the embryonic cardiac tube)
- The extraembryonic cell clusters form the vitelline & umbilical vesels which by budding contact the heart tube
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEART
(Fig. 1)
- Mechamisms that initiate formation of the heart are not well understood; however the heart tube position is initially determined by brain growth
- Formation of the neural tube by folding causes fusion of the heart tube in the midline, to become a single endocardial tube
- The primitive heart tube buldges into the pericardial cavity where it is surrounded by splanchnopluric meso-derm. Resulting heart tube consists of 4 layers: the endocardium, the cardiac jelly (= endocardial cushions) the myocardium, and the epicardium
- At this stage embryo is 23 days old and the heart begins to beat from a focus in the sinus venosus
FORMATION OF THE HEART LOOP (Fig. 2)
- Intrapericardial = bulboventricular portion of heart
- Extrapericardial = atrium/sinus venous + Ao roots
- During the next stage of development, the bulboventricular portion of the heart forms a loop to the RIGHT, forming a flange (= the bulboventircular flange)
- Region proximal to flange expands to become the embryonic ventricles, while the distal portion becomes the bulbus cordis
- Mechanism of cardiac looping not well understood
Test Your Knowledge:increase in mean airway pressure effect on complex cardiac anatomy
Test Your Knowledge:post-op cardiac hemodynamics