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General
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/134/4/645/110740/Perioperative-Opioid-AdministrationA-Critical  Perioperative Opioid Administration: A Critical Review of Opioid-free versus Opioid-sparing Approaches]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34874401/  Evan D Kharasch, J David Clark, Jerome M Adams. Opioids and Public Health: The Prescription Opioid Ecosystem and Need for Improved Management. Anesthesiology. 2022 Jan 1;136(1):10-30. PMID: 34874401]
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/136/4/594/118341/Perioperative-Opioids-the-Opioid-Crisis-and-the Perioperative Opioids, the Opioid Crisis, and the Anesthesiologist]
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/134/4/A17/115448/ Bringing Back the Balance: Opioid Reduction in Anesthesia]
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6942078/ Naloxone Dosing After Opioid Overdose in the Era of Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl]
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004567/138036/Morphine-and-Hydromorphone-Effects-Side-Effects Morphine and Hydromorphone Effects, Side Effects, and Variability: A Crossover Study in Human Volunteers]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868958/ Comparison of Fentanyl, Remifentanil, Sufentanil and Alfentanil in Combination with Propofol for General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials]
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521689623000046 Intrathecal opioids for the management of post-operative pain]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37801572/ Population Pharmacokinetics of Single Bolus Dose Fentanyl in Obese Children]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38100803/ Bolus Dose Administration of Fentanyl in Obese Children: Do Settle for Less]
Morphine


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3813075/ Morphine pharmacokinetics in early infancy]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3813075/ Morphine pharmacokinetics in early infancy]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33170454/ Hydromorphone versus morphine: a historical cohort study to evaluate the quality of postoperative analgesia]
Methadone
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24666686/ The pharmacokinetics of methadone and its metabolites in neonates, infants, and children]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37285308/ The Effects of Intraoperative Methadone on Postoperative Pain Control in Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review]


[https://pedspainmedicine.org/wp-content/uploads/newsletters/2021/summer/AM%20research/demystifying.html Demystifying Perioperative Methadone Administration in Children]
[https://pedspainmedicine.org/wp-content/uploads/newsletters/2021/summer/AM%20research/demystifying.html Demystifying Perioperative Methadone Administration in Children]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36281540/ What we know and what we don't know about the perioperative use of methadone in children and adolescents]
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3689220/ Intraoperative methadone: Rediscovery, reappraisal, and reinvigoration?]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2066846/ Comparison of morphine and methadone for prevention of postoperative pain in 3- to 7-year-old children]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22037641/ Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33481403/ Novel Perioperative Multidose Methadone-Based Multimodal Analgesic Strategy in Children Achieved Safe and Low Analgesic Blood Methadone Levels Enabling Opioid-Sparing Sustained Analgesia With Minimal Adverse Effects]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35816392/  Scheduled methadone reduces overall opioid requirements after pediatric posterior spinal fusion: A single center retrospective case series]
[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/9900/the_effects_of_intraoperative_methadone_on.592.aspx The Effects of Intraoperative Methadone on Postoperative Pain Control in Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review]
[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2023&issue=07000&article=00008&type=Fulltext Pro-Con Debate: Role of Methadone in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols—Superior Analgesic or Harmful Drug?] [https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/2023/07000/perioperative_methadone__perilous_or_pain_panacea_.7.aspx Editorial]
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004663/138373/Intraoperative-Methadone-in-Next-day-Discharge Intraoperative Methadone in Next-day Discharge Outpatient Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Dose-Finding Pilot Study]
[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/episode-262-perioperative-methadone-with-evan-kharash/id1116485154?i=1000625933541 Podcast: Episode 262: Perioperative Methadone with Evan Kharash]
[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.tv/mediasite/Play/550a854734c74a218c1547e714d164f31d  Perioperative Methadone: The Practical, Opioid-Sparing Opioid” 1/4/24 Grand Rounds by: Evan Kharasch, M.D., Ph.D.]
[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/2024/01000/we_need_to_talk_about_methadone__adding.31.aspx We Need to Talk About Methadone: Adding Discussions With Patients to Our Care Pathways]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32905725/ Methadone and a Clinical Pathway in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: A Historically Controlled Study]
Fentanyl


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33604895/ Analysis of fentanyl pharmacokinetics, and its sedative effects and tolerance in critically ill children]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33604895/ Analysis of fentanyl pharmacokinetics, and its sedative effects and tolerance in critically ill children]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/134/4/645/110740/Perioperative-Opioid-AdministrationA-Critical Perioperative Opioid Administration: A Critical Review of Opioid-free versus Opioid-sparing Approaches]
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/66/3/433/29054/The-Dose-Response-of-Fentanyl-in-Neonatal The Dose Response of Fentanyl in Neonatal Anesthesia]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34030211/ The anomalous pharmacology of fentanyl]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3565820/ Effects of fentanyl on peripheral and cerebral hemodynamics in neonatal lambs]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2887646/ Analgesia and anesthesia in neonates]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25441689/ The fentanyl story]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34030211/ The anomalous pharmacology of fentanyl]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36692551/ Fentanyl Drives Startling Increases in Adolescent Overdose Deaths]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28688027/ Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl and Its Derivatives in Children: A Comprehensive Review]
 
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459275/ Statpearls: Fentanyl]
 
[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/2024/01000/population_pharmacokinetics_of_single_bolus_dose.13.aspx Population Pharmacokinetics of Single Bolus Dose Fentanyl in Obese Children]
 
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000005034/141502/Intraoperative-Methadone-and-Postoperative Intraoperative Methadone and Postoperative Anesthesia Care Unit Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34874401/ Evan D Kharasch, J David Clark, Jerome M Adams. Opioids and Public Health: The Prescription Opioid Ecosystem and Need for Improved Management. Anesthesiology. 2022 Jan 1;136(1):10-30. PMID: 34874401]
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000005031/140094/Single-Dose-Intraoperative-Methadone-for-Pain Single-dose Intraoperative Methadone for Pain Management in Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/66/3/433/29054/The-Dose-Response-of-Fentanyl-in-Neonatal The Dose Response of Fentanyl in Neonatal Anesthesia]
Buprenorphine


[https://rapm.bmj.com/content/46/10/860 Buprenorphine Recommendations Enlist Anesthesiologists to Combat Opioid Abuse]
[https://rapm.bmj.com/content/46/10/860 Buprenorphine Recommendations Enlist Anesthesiologists to Combat Opioid Abuse]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/136/4/594/118341/Perioperative-Opioids-the-Opioid-Crisis-and-the Perioperative Opioids, the Opioid Crisis, and the Anesthesiologist]
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40140-024-00612-5 Perioperative Management of Patients on Buprenorphine: A Literature Review]
 
Naloxone
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2180244/ Naloxone hydrochloride: a review]
 
Meperidine
 
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0002937864902923 Effects of meperidine on the newborn infant]
 
[https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/meperidine/ OpenAnesthesia: Meperidine]
 
Remifentanyl
 
Hoshijima H, Takeuchi R, Kuratani N, et al. Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids: a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2016 Aug; 32: 300-12. PMID: 26432635
 
Nakasuji M, Nakamura M, Imanaka N, Tanaka M, Nomura M, Suh SH. Intraoperative high-dose remifentanil increases post-anaesthetic shivering. Br J Anaesth. 2010 Aug; 105(2): 162-7. PMID: 20542888
 
Komatsu R, Turan AM, Orhan-Sungur M, McGuire J, Radke OC, Apfel CC. Remifentanil for general anaesthesia: a systematic review. Anaesthesia. 2007 Dec; 62(12): 1266-80. PMID: 17991265
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37291507/ The effects of the administration sequence and the type of hypnotics on the development of remifentanil-induced chest wall rigidity: a randomized controlled trial]
 
Monitoring
[https://www.apsf.org/article/opioid-induced-respiratory-depression-pediatric-considerations/ Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression—Pediatric Considerations]
 
The “opioid crisis”
 
Larach DB, Hah JM, Brummett CM. Perioperative opioids, the opioid crisis, and the anesthesiologist. Anesthesiology. 2022 Apr; 136(4): 594-608. PMID: 35108351
 
Kharasch ED, Avram MJ, Clark JD. Rational perioperative opioid management in the era of the opioid crisis. Anesthesiology. 2020 Apr; 132(4): 603-605. PMID: 32058348


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/134/4/A17/115448/ Bringing Back the Balance: Opioid Reduction in Anesthesia]
Scholzen E, Zeng AM, Schroeder KM. Perioperative management and analgesia for patients taking buprenorphine and other forms of medication-assisted treatment for substance abuse disorders. Adv Anesth. 2019 Dec; 37: 65-86. PMID: 31677660

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Relevant Article Depot:


General

Perioperative Opioid Administration: A Critical Review of Opioid-free versus Opioid-sparing Approaches

Evan D Kharasch, J David Clark, Jerome M Adams. Opioids and Public Health: The Prescription Opioid Ecosystem and Need for Improved Management. Anesthesiology. 2022 Jan 1;136(1):10-30. PMID: 34874401

Perioperative Opioids, the Opioid Crisis, and the Anesthesiologist

Bringing Back the Balance: Opioid Reduction in Anesthesia

Naloxone Dosing After Opioid Overdose in the Era of Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl

Morphine and Hydromorphone Effects, Side Effects, and Variability: A Crossover Study in Human Volunteers

Comparison of Fentanyl, Remifentanil, Sufentanil and Alfentanil in Combination with Propofol for General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Intrathecal opioids for the management of post-operative pain

Population Pharmacokinetics of Single Bolus Dose Fentanyl in Obese Children

Bolus Dose Administration of Fentanyl in Obese Children: Do Settle for Less

Morphine

Morphine pharmacokinetics in early infancy

Hydromorphone versus morphine: a historical cohort study to evaluate the quality of postoperative analgesia


Methadone

The pharmacokinetics of methadone and its metabolites in neonates, infants, and children

The Effects of Intraoperative Methadone on Postoperative Pain Control in Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review

Demystifying Perioperative Methadone Administration in Children

What we know and what we don't know about the perioperative use of methadone in children and adolescents

Intraoperative methadone: Rediscovery, reappraisal, and reinvigoration?

Comparison of morphine and methadone for prevention of postoperative pain in 3- to 7-year-old children

Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents

Novel Perioperative Multidose Methadone-Based Multimodal Analgesic Strategy in Children Achieved Safe and Low Analgesic Blood Methadone Levels Enabling Opioid-Sparing Sustained Analgesia With Minimal Adverse Effects

Scheduled methadone reduces overall opioid requirements after pediatric posterior spinal fusion: A single center retrospective case series

The Effects of Intraoperative Methadone on Postoperative Pain Control in Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review

Pro-Con Debate: Role of Methadone in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols—Superior Analgesic or Harmful Drug? Editorial

Intraoperative Methadone in Next-day Discharge Outpatient Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Dose-Finding Pilot Study

Podcast: Episode 262: Perioperative Methadone with Evan Kharash

Perioperative Methadone: The Practical, Opioid-Sparing Opioid” 1/4/24 Grand Rounds by: Evan Kharasch, M.D., Ph.D.

We Need to Talk About Methadone: Adding Discussions With Patients to Our Care Pathways

Methadone and a Clinical Pathway in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: A Historically Controlled Study


Fentanyl

Analysis of fentanyl pharmacokinetics, and its sedative effects and tolerance in critically ill children

The Dose Response of Fentanyl in Neonatal Anesthesia

The anomalous pharmacology of fentanyl

Effects of fentanyl on peripheral and cerebral hemodynamics in neonatal lambs

Analgesia and anesthesia in neonates

The fentanyl story

The anomalous pharmacology of fentanyl

Fentanyl Drives Startling Increases in Adolescent Overdose Deaths

Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl and Its Derivatives in Children: A Comprehensive Review

Statpearls: Fentanyl

Population Pharmacokinetics of Single Bolus Dose Fentanyl in Obese Children

Intraoperative Methadone and Postoperative Anesthesia Care Unit Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

Single-dose Intraoperative Methadone for Pain Management in Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial

Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine Recommendations Enlist Anesthesiologists to Combat Opioid Abuse

Perioperative Management of Patients on Buprenorphine: A Literature Review

Naloxone

Naloxone hydrochloride: a review

Meperidine

Effects of meperidine on the newborn infant

OpenAnesthesia: Meperidine

Remifentanyl

Hoshijima H, Takeuchi R, Kuratani N, et al. Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids: a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2016 Aug; 32: 300-12. PMID: 26432635

Nakasuji M, Nakamura M, Imanaka N, Tanaka M, Nomura M, Suh SH. Intraoperative high-dose remifentanil increases post-anaesthetic shivering. Br J Anaesth. 2010 Aug; 105(2): 162-7. PMID: 20542888

Komatsu R, Turan AM, Orhan-Sungur M, McGuire J, Radke OC, Apfel CC. Remifentanil for general anaesthesia: a systematic review. Anaesthesia. 2007 Dec; 62(12): 1266-80. PMID: 17991265

The effects of the administration sequence and the type of hypnotics on the development of remifentanil-induced chest wall rigidity: a randomized controlled trial

Monitoring Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression—Pediatric Considerations

The “opioid crisis”

Larach DB, Hah JM, Brummett CM. Perioperative opioids, the opioid crisis, and the anesthesiologist. Anesthesiology. 2022 Apr; 136(4): 594-608. PMID: 35108351

Kharasch ED, Avram MJ, Clark JD. Rational perioperative opioid management in the era of the opioid crisis. Anesthesiology. 2020 Apr; 132(4): 603-605. PMID: 32058348

Scholzen E, Zeng AM, Schroeder KM. Perioperative management and analgesia for patients taking buprenorphine and other forms of medication-assisted treatment for substance abuse disorders. Adv Anesth. 2019 Dec; 37: 65-86. PMID: 31677660