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== Guidelines/General Approaches ==
[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/pedi-crisis-2-0/id1409734476 Pedi Crisis 2.0 - application]
 
[https://picudoconcall.org/?captivate_podcast=11  Management of High Risk Intubations in the PICU | picudoconcall.org]
 
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pan.14760 The role of WhatsApp™ in pediatric difficult airway management: A study from the PeDI Collaborative]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34762729/ 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34762729/ 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway]


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[https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(21)00176-8/fulltext BJA: Difficult airway management: children are different from adults, and neonates are different from children!]
[https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(21)00176-8/fulltext BJA: Difficult airway management: children are different from adults, and neonates are different from children!]


[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14609592/2020/30/3 Pediatric Anesthesia: Special Issue:Pediatric Airway Special Issue]
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14609592/2020/30/3 Pediatric Anesthesia: Special Issue:Pediatric Airway Special Issue]


[https://www.anesthesiologynews.com/download/Congenital_ANSE0720_WM.pdf The Congenital Difficult Airway in Pediatrics]
[https://www.anesthesiologynews.com/download/Congenital_ANSE0720_WM.pdf The Congenital Difficult Airway in Pediatrics]


[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1916801/ NEJM: Management of the Difficult Airway]
[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1916801/ NEJM: Management of the Difficult Airway]


[https://bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(20)30032-9/pdf  Paediatric adenotonsillectomy (considerations for anaesthesia), part 1 ]
[https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/481979 The Laryngeal Mask Airway and Its Use in Neonatal Resuscitation: A Critical Review of Where We Are in 2017/2018]
[https://bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(20)30033-0/pdf part 2]


[https://www.anesthesiologynews.com/Review-Articles/Article/08-19/10-Common-Pediatric-Airway-Problems-And-Their-Solutions/55657?sub=D0CBDA824FBCB7AA4A61CCDE9984A8F4D0A8A95B29CEB0A1653EDA6256BD25&enl=true&dgid=&utm_source=enl&utm_content=2&utm_campaign=20200801&utm_medium=button  AnesNews: 10 Common Pediatric Airway Problems—And Their Solutions]
== Emergency Response ==
 
[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/pedi-crisis-2-0/id1409734476 Pedi Crisis 2.0 - application]
[https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(21)00116-1/fulltext  Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. (NECTARINE)]


== Videolaryngoscopy ==
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12630-021-02162-4 Video laryngoscopy 2.0]
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12630-021-02162-4 Video laryngoscopy 2.0]


[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(24)00065-5/abstract Comparison of tracheal intubation conditions between the operating room and intensive care unit: impact of universal videolaryngoscopy]
[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(24)00065-5/abstract Comparison of tracheal intubation conditions between the operating room and intensive care unit: impact of universal videolaryngoscopy]


[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2402785 Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants]
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16394 Prospective development and validation of a universal classification for paediatric videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation: the PeDiAC score]
== Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO2aSOYMKDg Fiberoptic Intubation Air-Q SGA with Continuous Ventilation by Jim DuCanto]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO2aSOYMKDg Fiberoptic Intubation Air-Q SGA with Continuous Ventilation by Jim DuCanto]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004431/137372/Difficult-Airway-Management-in-Neonates-Fiberoptic Difficult Airway Management in Neonates: Fiberoptic Intubation via Laryngeal Mask Airway]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11915066/ Airway regional anesthesia for awake fiberoptic intubation]
== Light Wand ==
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1979.tb06379.x ‘Light wand’ intubation]
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1979.tb06379.x ‘Light wand’ intubation]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28470901/ A simple homemade lighted stylet for neonates and infants: a description and case report of its use in an infant with the Pierre Robin anomalad]
== Bougie/Stylet ==
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18211445/ Intubation of infants with Pierre Robin syndrome: the use of the paraglossal approach combined with a gum-elastic bougie in six consecutive cases]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15505469/ The Eschmann Tracheal Tube Introducer Is Not Gum, Elastic, or a Bougie]
== Cricothyrotomy/FONA ==
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313556/ Emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy: 24 successful cases leading to a simple 'scalpel-finger-tube' method]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313556/ Emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy: 24 successful cases leading to a simple 'scalpel-finger-tube' method]


[https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/481979 The Laryngeal Mask Airway and Its Use in Neonatal Resuscitation: A Critical Review of Where We Are in 2017/2018]
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pan.14796 Emergency front-of-neck access in infants: A pragmatic crossover randomized control trial comparing two approaches on a simulated rabbit model]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39381516 An exploration of the cognitive and affective processes for anaesthetists when performing an emergency front of neck airway]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004431/137372/Difficult-Airway-Management-in-Neonates-Fiberoptic Difficult Airway Management in Neonates: Fiberoptic Intubation via Laryngeal Mask Airway]
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pan.14875 Emergency front-of-neck access in pediatric anesthesia: A narrative review]


[http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-33472020000200091 Submental intubation in pediatric maxillofacial surgery: report of 2 cases]
== Complications ==
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/135/3/495/116017/Dramatic-Cervical-Spine-Injury-Secondary-to Dramatic Cervical Spine Injury Secondary to Videolaryngoscopy in a Patient Suffering from Ankylosing Spondylitis]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26919822/ Lignocaine topicalization of the pediatric airway]
== Non-OR Airway Management ==
[https://picudoconcall.org/?captivate_podcast=11 Management of High Risk Intubations in the PICU | picudoconcall.org]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/135/3/495/116017/Dramatic-Cervical-Spine-Injury-Secondary-to Dramatic Cervical Spine Injury Secondary to Videolaryngoscopy in a Patient Suffering from Ankylosing Spondylitis]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36841658/ The Pediatric Bougie for the First Tracheal Intubation Attempt in Critically Ill Children]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/138/3/316/137372/Difficult-Airway-Management-in-Neonates-Fiberoptic Difficult Airway Management in Neonates: Fiberoptic Intubation via Laryngeal Mask Airway]
== Communication ==
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pan.14760 The role of WhatsApp™ in pediatric difficult airway management: A study from the PeDI Collaborative]


Simmons ST, Schleich AR. Airway regional anesthesia for awake fiberoptic intubation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002 Mar-Apr; 27(2): 180-92. PMID: 11915066
== Specific Situations ==
[https://bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(20)30032-9/pdf Paediatric adenotonsillectomy (considerations for anaesthesia), part 1]
[https://bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(20)30033-0/pdf part 2]


https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21789701/
[https://www.anesthesiologynews.com/Review-Articles/Article/08-19/10-Common-Pediatric-Airway-Problems-And-Their-Solutions/55657?sub=D0CBDA824FBCB7AA4A61CCDE9984A8F4D0A8A95B29CEB0A1653EDA6256BD25&enl=true&dgid=&utm_source=enl&utm_content=2&utm_campaign=20200801&utm_medium=button  AnesNews: 10 Common Pediatric Airway Problems—And Their Solutions]


Cook-Sather SD, Schreiner MS: A simple homemade lighted stylet for neonates and infants: a description and case report of its use in an infant with the Pierre Robin anomalad. Paediatr.Anaesth. 1997; 7: 233-235
[https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(21)00116-1/fulltext  Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. (NECTARINE)]


Prekker ME, Bjorklund AR, Myers C, Harvey L, Horton GB, Goldstein J, Usher SC, Reardon RF, Robinson A, Strobel AM, Driver BE: The Pediatric Bougie for the First Tracheal Intubation Attempt in Critically Ill Children. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 81: 667-676


F, Bordes M, Cros A-M: Intubation of infants with Pierre Robin syndrome: the use of the paraglossal approach combined with a gum-elastic bougie in six consecutive cases. Anaesthesia 2008; 63: 147-150
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21789701/ A new modification for safer submental orotracheal intubation]


El-Orbany Mohammad I, Salem M R, Joseph Ninos J: The Eschmann Tracheal Tube Introducer Is Not Gum, Elastic, or a Bougie. Anesthesiology 2004; 101: 1240-1240
[http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-33472020000200091 Submental intubation in pediatric maxillofacial surgery: report of 2 cases]


[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pan.14796 Emergency front-of-neck access in infants: A pragmatic crossover randomized control trial comparing two approaches on a simulated rabbit model]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39381516 An exploration of the cognitive and affective processes for anaesthetists when performing an emergency front of neck airway]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26919822/ Lignocaine topicalization of the pediatric airway]


[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pan.14875 Emergency front-of-neck access in pediatric anesthesia: A narrative review]


[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10720842/ Airway management in neonates and infants]
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10720842/ Airway management in neonates and infants]
Line 71: Line 86:
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16290 Airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury]
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16290 Airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury]


[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2402785 Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants]
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16394 Prospective development and validation of a universal classification for paediatric videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation: the PeDiAC score]


[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/abstract/2025/02000/awake_supraglottic_airway_placement_in_pediatric.13.aspx Awake Supraglottic Airway Placement in Pediatric Patients for Airway Obstruction or Difficult Intubation: Insights From an International Airway Registry (PeDI)]
[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/abstract/2025/02000/awake_supraglottic_airway_placement_in_pediatric.13.aspx Awake Supraglottic Airway Placement in Pediatric Patients for Airway Obstruction or Difficult Intubation: Insights From an International Airway Registry (PeDI)]

Latest revision as of 16:06, 22 November 2025

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Relevant Article Depot:


Guidelines/General Approaches

2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway

The pediatric airway: Historical concepts, new findings, and what matters.

BJA: Difficult airway management: children are different from adults, and neonates are different from children!

Pediatric Anesthesia: Special Issue:Pediatric Airway Special Issue

The Congenital Difficult Airway in Pediatrics

NEJM: Management of the Difficult Airway

The Laryngeal Mask Airway and Its Use in Neonatal Resuscitation: A Critical Review of Where We Are in 2017/2018

Emergency Response

Pedi Crisis 2.0 - application

Videolaryngoscopy

Video laryngoscopy 2.0

Comparison of tracheal intubation conditions between the operating room and intensive care unit: impact of universal videolaryngoscopy

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants

Prospective development and validation of a universal classification for paediatric videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation: the PeDiAC score

Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy

Fiberoptic Intubation Air-Q SGA with Continuous Ventilation by Jim DuCanto

Difficult Airway Management in Neonates: Fiberoptic Intubation via Laryngeal Mask Airway

Airway regional anesthesia for awake fiberoptic intubation

Light Wand

‘Light wand’ intubation

A simple homemade lighted stylet for neonates and infants: a description and case report of its use in an infant with the Pierre Robin anomalad

Bougie/Stylet

Intubation of infants with Pierre Robin syndrome: the use of the paraglossal approach combined with a gum-elastic bougie in six consecutive cases

The Eschmann Tracheal Tube Introducer Is Not Gum, Elastic, or a Bougie

Cricothyrotomy/FONA

Emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy: 24 successful cases leading to a simple 'scalpel-finger-tube' method

Emergency front-of-neck access in infants: A pragmatic crossover randomized control trial comparing two approaches on a simulated rabbit model

An exploration of the cognitive and affective processes for anaesthetists when performing an emergency front of neck airway

Emergency front-of-neck access in pediatric anesthesia: A narrative review

Complications

Dramatic Cervical Spine Injury Secondary to Videolaryngoscopy in a Patient Suffering from Ankylosing Spondylitis

Non-OR Airway Management

Management of High Risk Intubations in the PICU | picudoconcall.org

The Pediatric Bougie for the First Tracheal Intubation Attempt in Critically Ill Children

Communication

The role of WhatsApp™ in pediatric difficult airway management: A study from the PeDI Collaborative

Specific Situations

Paediatric adenotonsillectomy (considerations for anaesthesia), part 1 part 2

AnesNews: 10 Common Pediatric Airway Problems—And Their Solutions

Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. (NECTARINE)


A new modification for safer submental orotracheal intubation

Submental intubation in pediatric maxillofacial surgery: report of 2 cases


Lignocaine topicalization of the pediatric airway


Airway management in neonates and infants

Airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury


Awake Supraglottic Airway Placement in Pediatric Patients for Airway Obstruction or Difficult Intubation: Insights From an International Airway Registry (PeDI)

A modified adjustable oral RAE microcuff® endotracheal tube

Accidental bronchial intubation with RAE tubes

Apneic Oxygenation

Apnoeic oxygenation during paediatric tracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Airway management in neonates and infants: European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and British Journal of Anaesthesia joint guidelines

2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway

Apneic oxygenation reduces hypoxemia during endotracheal intubation in the pediatric emergency department

Effect of apneic oxygenation with intubation to reduce severe desaturation and adverse tracheal intubation-associated events in critically ill children

Safe oxygen saturation targeting and monitoring in preterm infants: can we avoid hypoxia and hyperoxia? Acta

Rehman MA, Schreiner MS. Oral and nasotracheal light wand guided intubation after failed fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Paediatric anaesthesia 1997;7(4):349-51. (In eng). DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.1997.d01-85.x.

Difficult laryngoscopy made easy with a "BURP"

Universal paediatric videolaryngoscopy and glottic view grading: a prospective observational study

Teaching and training advanced airway management

Optimal McGRATH® MAC videolaryngoscope blade size for small children

Universal paediatric videolaryngoscopy and glottic view grading: a prospective observational study

WFSA Tutorial: Use of Supraglottic Airways (SGAs) as Rescue Devices, Conduits for Tracheal Intubation (TI), and Other Special Cases

Incidence of cognitive errors in difficult airway management: an inference human factors study from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry

Consensus recommendations for paediatric airway topicalisation using lidocaine

Incidence of cognitive errors in difficult airway management: an inference human factors study from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry

Cognitive errors in paediatric difficult airway management: a step into the unknown

Ethical decision making in airway management: a Difficult Airway Society position statement on good practice

Implementation of default videolaryngoscopy instead of direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation: a narrative review of evidence and experiences