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== Guidelines/General Approaches ==
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34762729/ 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway]


Go to the [[Main Page]] to see the Topic Outline.
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30861424 The pediatric airway: Historical concepts, new findings, and what matters.]
 
[https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(21)00176-8/fulltext BJA: Difficult airway management: children are different from adults, and neonates are different from children!]
 
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14609592/2020/30/3 Pediatric Anesthesia: Special Issue:Pediatric Airway Special Issue]
 
[https://www.anesthesiologynews.com/download/Congenital_ANSE0720_WM.pdf The Congenital Difficult Airway in Pediatrics]
 
[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1916801/ NEJM: Management of the Difficult Airway]
 
[https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/481979 The Laryngeal Mask Airway and Its Use in Neonatal Resuscitation: A Critical Review of Where We Are in 2017/2018]
 
== Emergency Response ==
[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/pedi-crisis-2-0/id1409734476 Pedi Crisis 2.0 - application]
 
== Videolaryngoscopy ==
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12630-021-02162-4 Video laryngoscopy 2.0]
 
[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(24)00065-5/abstract Comparison of tracheal intubation conditions between the operating room and intensive care unit: impact of universal videolaryngoscopy]
 
[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2402785 Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants]
 
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16394 Prospective development and validation of a universal classification for paediatric videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation: the PeDiAC score]
 
== Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO2aSOYMKDg Fiberoptic Intubation Air-Q SGA with Continuous Ventilation by Jim DuCanto]


Go to the [[Generalized Suggested Outline]] for information on case-specific details for each page.
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004431/137372/Difficult-Airway-Management-in-Neonates-Fiberoptic Difficult Airway Management in Neonates: Fiberoptic Intubation via Laryngeal Mask Airway]


Go to the [[Test Page]] for examples on how to use references in the page.
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11915066/ Airway regional anesthesia for awake fiberoptic intubation]


__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__
== Light Wand ==
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1979.tb06379.x ‘Light wand’ intubation]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28470901/ A simple homemade lighted stylet for neonates and infants: a description and case report of its use in an infant with the Pierre Robin anomalad]


https://apps.apple.com/us/app/pedi-crisis-2-0/id1409734476
== Bougie/Stylet ==
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18211445/ Intubation of infants with Pierre Robin syndrome: the use of the paraglossal approach combined with a gum-elastic bougie in six consecutive cases]


[https://picudoconcall.org/?captivate_podcast=11  Management of High Risk Intubations in the PICU | picudoconcall.org]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15505469/ The Eschmann Tracheal Tube Introducer Is Not Gum, Elastic, or a Bougie]


== Cricothyrotomy/FONA ==
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313556/ Emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy: 24 successful cases leading to a simple 'scalpel-finger-tube' method]


[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004002/117915/2022-American-Society-of-Anesthesiologists 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway]
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pan.14796 Emergency front-of-neck access in infants: A pragmatic crossover randomized control trial comparing two approaches on a simulated rabbit model]


[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30861424 The pediatric airway: Historical concepts, new findings, and what matters.]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39381516 An exploration of the cognitive and affective processes for anaesthetists when performing an emergency front of neck airway]
 
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pan.14875 Emergency front-of-neck access in pediatric anesthesia: A narrative review]


[https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(21)00176-8/fulltext BJA: Difficult airway management: children are different from adults, and neonates are different from children!]
== Complications ==
[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/135/3/495/116017/Dramatic-Cervical-Spine-Injury-Secondary-to Dramatic Cervical Spine Injury Secondary to Videolaryngoscopy in a Patient Suffering from Ankylosing Spondylitis]


[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14609592/2020/30/3  Pediatric Anesthesia: Special Issue:Pediatric Airway Special Issue]
== Non-OR Airway Management ==
[https://picudoconcall.org/?captivate_podcast=11 Management of High Risk Intubations in the PICU | picudoconcall.org]


[https://www.anesthesiologynews.com/download/Congenital_ANSE0720_WM.pdf  The Congenital Difficult Airway in Pediatrics]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36841658/ The Pediatric Bougie for the First Tracheal Intubation Attempt in Critically Ill Children]


[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1916801/  NEJM: Management of the Difficult Airway]
== Communication ==
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pan.14760 The role of WhatsApp™ in pediatric difficult airway management: A study from the PeDI Collaborative]


[https://bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(20)30032-9/pdf Paediatric adenotonsillectomy (considerations for anaesthesia), part 1 ]
== Specific Situations ==
[https://bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(20)30032-9/pdf Paediatric adenotonsillectomy (considerations for anaesthesia), part 1]
[https://bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(20)30033-0/pdf part 2]
[https://bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(20)30033-0/pdf part 2]


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[https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(21)00116-1/fulltext  Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. (NECTARINE)]
[https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(21)00116-1/fulltext  Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. (NECTARINE)]


[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12630-021-02162-4 Video laryngoscopy 2.0]


[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO2aSOYMKDg Fiberoptic Intubation Air-Q SGA with Continuous Ventilation by Jim DuCanto]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21789701/ A new modification for safer submental orotracheal intubation]
 
[http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-33472020000200091 Submental intubation in pediatric maxillofacial surgery: report of 2 cases]
 
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26919822/ Lignocaine topicalization of the pediatric airway]
 
 
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10720842/ Airway management in neonates and infants]
 
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16290 Airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury]
 
 
[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/abstract/2025/02000/awake_supraglottic_airway_placement_in_pediatric.13.aspx Awake Supraglottic Airway Placement in Pediatric Patients for Airway Obstruction or Difficult Intubation: Insights From an International Airway Registry (PeDI)]
 
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pan.14322 A modified adjustable oral RAE microcuff® endotracheal tube]
 
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09315.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed Accidental bronchial intubation with RAE tubes]
 
<b>Apneic Oxygenation</b>
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38030551/ Apnoeic oxygenation during paediatric tracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38065762/ Airway management in neonates and infants: European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and British Journal of Anaesthesia joint guidelines]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34762729/ 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29699900/ Apneic oxygenation reduces hypoxemia during endotracheal intubation in the pediatric emergency department]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36650568/ Effect of apneic oxygenation with intubation to reduce severe desaturation and adverse tracheal intubation-associated events in critically ill children]
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24838096/ Safe oxygen saturation targeting and monitoring in preterm infants: can we avoid hypoxia and hyperoxia? Acta]
 
Rehman MA, Schreiner MS. Oral and nasotracheal light wand guided intubation after failed fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Paediatric anaesthesia 1997;7(4):349-51. (In eng). DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.1997.d01-85.x.
 
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8467551/ Difficult laryngoscopy made easy with a "BURP"]
 
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16366 Universal paediatric videolaryngoscopy and glottic view grading: a prospective observational study]
 
[https://www.bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(24)00092-1/abstract Teaching and training advanced airway management]
 
[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(24)00505-1/abstract Optimal McGRATH® MAC videolaryngoscope blade size for small children]
 
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16366 Universal paediatric videolaryngoscopy and glottic view grading: a prospective observational study]
 
[https://resources.wfsahq.org/atotw/use-of-supraglottic-airways-sgas-as-rescue-devices-conduits-for-tracheal-intubation-ti-and-other-special-cases/ WFSA Tutorial: Use of Supraglottic Airways (SGAs) as Rescue Devices, Conduits for Tracheal Intubation (TI), and Other Special Cases]
 
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000709122500279X Incidence of cognitive errors in difficult airway management: an inference human factors study from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry]
 
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16705 Consensus recommendations for paediatric airway topicalisation using lidocaine]
 
[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(25)00279-X/fulltext Incidence of cognitive errors in difficult airway management: an inference human factors study from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry]
 
[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(25)00340-X/fulltext Cognitive errors in paediatric difficult airway management: a step into the unknown]


[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313556/ Emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy: 24 successful cases leading to a simple 'scalpel-finger-tube' method]
[https://www.bjaopen.org/article/S2772-6096(25)00040-1/fulltext Ethical decision making in airway management: a Difficult Airway Society position statement on good practice]


[https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/481979 The Laryngeal Mask Airway and Its Use in Neonatal Resuscitation: A Critical Review of Where We Are in 2017/2018]
[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.16731 Implementation of default videolaryngoscopy instead of direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation: a narrative review of evidence and experiences]

Latest revision as of 16:06, 22 November 2025

This is a Stub Notice. This page has not been completed. You can work on this page by signing in and going to the Edit tab. Thanks for helping to make PedsAnesthesia.Net Wiki useful.

Go to the Main Page to see the Topic Outline.

Go to the Generalized Suggested Outline for information on case-specific details for each page.

Go to the Test Page for examples on how to use references in the page.


Relevant Article Depot:


Guidelines/General Approaches

2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway

The pediatric airway: Historical concepts, new findings, and what matters.

BJA: Difficult airway management: children are different from adults, and neonates are different from children!

Pediatric Anesthesia: Special Issue:Pediatric Airway Special Issue

The Congenital Difficult Airway in Pediatrics

NEJM: Management of the Difficult Airway

The Laryngeal Mask Airway and Its Use in Neonatal Resuscitation: A Critical Review of Where We Are in 2017/2018

Emergency Response

Pedi Crisis 2.0 - application

Videolaryngoscopy

Video laryngoscopy 2.0

Comparison of tracheal intubation conditions between the operating room and intensive care unit: impact of universal videolaryngoscopy

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants

Prospective development and validation of a universal classification for paediatric videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation: the PeDiAC score

Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy

Fiberoptic Intubation Air-Q SGA with Continuous Ventilation by Jim DuCanto

Difficult Airway Management in Neonates: Fiberoptic Intubation via Laryngeal Mask Airway

Airway regional anesthesia for awake fiberoptic intubation

Light Wand

‘Light wand’ intubation

A simple homemade lighted stylet for neonates and infants: a description and case report of its use in an infant with the Pierre Robin anomalad

Bougie/Stylet

Intubation of infants with Pierre Robin syndrome: the use of the paraglossal approach combined with a gum-elastic bougie in six consecutive cases

The Eschmann Tracheal Tube Introducer Is Not Gum, Elastic, or a Bougie

Cricothyrotomy/FONA

Emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy: 24 successful cases leading to a simple 'scalpel-finger-tube' method

Emergency front-of-neck access in infants: A pragmatic crossover randomized control trial comparing two approaches on a simulated rabbit model

An exploration of the cognitive and affective processes for anaesthetists when performing an emergency front of neck airway

Emergency front-of-neck access in pediatric anesthesia: A narrative review

Complications

Dramatic Cervical Spine Injury Secondary to Videolaryngoscopy in a Patient Suffering from Ankylosing Spondylitis

Non-OR Airway Management

Management of High Risk Intubations in the PICU | picudoconcall.org

The Pediatric Bougie for the First Tracheal Intubation Attempt in Critically Ill Children

Communication

The role of WhatsApp™ in pediatric difficult airway management: A study from the PeDI Collaborative

Specific Situations

Paediatric adenotonsillectomy (considerations for anaesthesia), part 1 part 2

AnesNews: 10 Common Pediatric Airway Problems—And Their Solutions

Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. (NECTARINE)


A new modification for safer submental orotracheal intubation

Submental intubation in pediatric maxillofacial surgery: report of 2 cases


Lignocaine topicalization of the pediatric airway


Airway management in neonates and infants

Airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury


Awake Supraglottic Airway Placement in Pediatric Patients for Airway Obstruction or Difficult Intubation: Insights From an International Airway Registry (PeDI)

A modified adjustable oral RAE microcuff® endotracheal tube

Accidental bronchial intubation with RAE tubes

Apneic Oxygenation

Apnoeic oxygenation during paediatric tracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Airway management in neonates and infants: European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and British Journal of Anaesthesia joint guidelines

2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway

Apneic oxygenation reduces hypoxemia during endotracheal intubation in the pediatric emergency department

Effect of apneic oxygenation with intubation to reduce severe desaturation and adverse tracheal intubation-associated events in critically ill children

Safe oxygen saturation targeting and monitoring in preterm infants: can we avoid hypoxia and hyperoxia? Acta

Rehman MA, Schreiner MS. Oral and nasotracheal light wand guided intubation after failed fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Paediatric anaesthesia 1997;7(4):349-51. (In eng). DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.1997.d01-85.x.

Difficult laryngoscopy made easy with a "BURP"

Universal paediatric videolaryngoscopy and glottic view grading: a prospective observational study

Teaching and training advanced airway management

Optimal McGRATH® MAC videolaryngoscope blade size for small children

Universal paediatric videolaryngoscopy and glottic view grading: a prospective observational study

WFSA Tutorial: Use of Supraglottic Airways (SGAs) as Rescue Devices, Conduits for Tracheal Intubation (TI), and Other Special Cases

Incidence of cognitive errors in difficult airway management: an inference human factors study from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry

Consensus recommendations for paediatric airway topicalisation using lidocaine

Incidence of cognitive errors in difficult airway management: an inference human factors study from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry

Cognitive errors in paediatric difficult airway management: a step into the unknown

Ethical decision making in airway management: a Difficult Airway Society position statement on good practice

Implementation of default videolaryngoscopy instead of direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation: a narrative review of evidence and experiences