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'''PedsAnesthesiaWiki'''


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==Introductory Topics==
 
:[[Preface]]
:[[Disclaimer]]
 
:[[The Editing Team]]
:[[History of Pediatric Anesthesia]]
:[[Pediatric Anesthesia Worldwide]]
:[[Measuring Outcome in Pediatric Anesthesia]]
:[[Basic Pediatric Concepts]]
:[[Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient & Family]]
:[[The Making of a Pediatric Anesthesiologist]]
::[[Certification Processes]]
:[[TYK About | Test Your Knowledge]]
 
===Basic Clinical Information [WFSA Update]===
:[[WFSA PaedsUpdateContents]] (Table of contents)
 
:[[Basic Science Relevant to Practical Pediatric Anesthesia]]
:[[Equipment in Paediatric Anaesthesia]]
:[[Paediatric drawover anaesthesia]]
 
:[[Anaesthesia and congenital abnormalities]]
:[[The anaesthetic management of children with sickle cell disease]]
:[[HIV in children and anaesthesia]]
:[[Anaesthesia for non-cardiac surgery in children with congenital heart disease]]
:[[Anaesthesia in patients with asthma, bronchiolitis and other respiratory diseases]]
 
===The Growing Child===
:[[Embryology]]
:[[Development]]
:[[Growth]]
:[[Developmental Psychology]]
===Anatomy & Physiology===
 
:[[Respiratory System]]
:[[Cardiovascular System]]
:[[Renal System]]
:[[Endocrine System]]
:[[Nervous System]]
:[[Temperature Regulation]]
:[[Fluid & Electrolytes]]
:[[Coagulation & Bleeding]]
:[[Pharmacology]]
::[[Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics in children]]
::[[Anesthetic Agents]]
::[[Opiates & Sedatives]]
::[[Muscle Relaxants]]
 
===Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesia===
:[[Ethical Constructs relevant to Pediatric Anesthesia]]
:[[The Emancipated Minor]]
:[[Assent/Consent]]
:[[The child of a Jehovah's Witness]]
 
==Clinical Techniques==
===Preoperative Assessment===
:[[The Fetus]]
:[[The Infant]]
:[[The Child]]
:[[The Adolescent]]
:[[The Adult-aged Pediatric Patient]]
:[[The Former Premature Patient]]
:[[Upper Respiratory Infection]]
:[[Obstructive Sleep Apnea]]
:[[Preoperative Fasting]]
===Pre-anesthetic Medication===
===Anesthetic Induction===
:[[Parental Presence During Induction]]
:[[Magic as a Distration Technique]]
:[[Distracting Devices]]
===Maintenance of Anesthesia===
:[[Fluid Management]]
:[[Neuromuscular Blockade]]
:[[Blood Products]]
:[[Volatile Anesthetics]]
:[[Temperature Management]]
:[[Positioning]]
:[[Ventilation]]
 
===Emergence/Recovery from Anesthesia===
:[[Emergence Agitation/Delirium]]
:[[Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting]]
:[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]]
===Airway Management===
:[[Basic Airway Anatomy of the Pediatric Patient]]
:[[Basic Airway Management of the Pediatric Patient]]
:[[Recognizing and Managing the Difficult Pediatric Airway]]
:[[Difficult Airway Response Teams]]
:[[Advanced Airway Techniques]]
 
===Vascular Access===
:[[Intravenous catheter placement & Care]]
:[[Central Venous Catheter placement & Care]]
:[[Intraosseous Access & Care]]
:[[Arterial catheter placement & Care]]
===Regional Blockade===
:[[The use of Ultrasound for Regional Anesthesia]]
:[[Local Anesthetics in Children]]
:[[Axial Blockade]]
::[[Caudal]]
::[[Lumbar Epidural]]
::[[Thoracic Epidural]]
::[[Spinal]]
:[[Head & Neck]]
:[[Upper Extremity]]
::[[Interscalene]]
::[[Supraclavicular]]
::[[Infraclavicular]]
::[[Axillary]]
::[[Peripheral Arm]]
:[[Intravenous Regional (Bier)]]
:[[Thorax]]
::[[Intercostal]]
::[[Paravertebral]]
::[[Erector Spinae Plane]]
:[[Abdomen]]
::[[Transversus Abdominus Plane]]
::[[Rectus Sheath]]
::[[Ileoinguinal/Ileohypogastric]]
::[[Penile]]
:[[Lower Extremity]]
::[[Femoral]]
::[[Sciatic]]
::[[Popliteal]]
::[[Ankle]]
:[[Continuous Catheter Infusion (Outside of Hospital)]]
 
===Blood Conservation Techniques===
===Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation===
:[[PALS Protocols]]
:[[Special Situations in the OR]]
::[[Prone CPR]]
:[[ECMO]]
 
==Syndromes/Disorders==
:[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]]
:[[CHARGE association]]
:[[Cleft lip and/or palate]]
:[[Di George syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome)]]
:[[Diabetes]]
:[[Down Syndrome]]
:[[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]]
:[[Genetic Disease]]
:[[Goldenhar syndrome]]
:[[Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
:[[Inherited metabolic disorders]]
:[[Klippel-Feil syndrome]]
:[[Malignant Hyperthermia]]
:[[Mitochondrial Disease]]
:[[Mucopolysaccharidoses]]
:[[Myotonic dystrophies]]
:[[Noonan syndrome]]
:[[Obstructive Sleep Apnea]]
:[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]
:[[Pierre Robin sequence]]
:[[Porphyria]]
:[[Sickle Cell Disease]]
:[[Syndromic craniosynostosis]]
:[[Treacher Collins syndrome]]
:[[Turner syndrome]]
:[[VACTERR (or VACTERL ) association]]
 
==Procedure Based Discussions==
:[[Generalized Suggested Outline]]
===General Surgery===
:[[Gastrochesis]]
:[[Omphalocoele]]
:[[Pyloric Stenosis]]
:[[Umbilical Hernia]]
:[[Inguinal Hernia]]
:[[Diaphragmatic Hernia]]
:[[Cystic Adenomatous Malformation (CAM)]]
:[[Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula]]
:[[Umbilical Herniorrphy]]
:[[Central Line Placement (Hickman/Broviac/Infusaport)]]
:[[Trauma]]
:[[Burns]]
:[[Pectus Excavatum/Carinatum]]
:[[Button Battery Ingestion]]
 
===Transplant===
:[[Liver Transplant]]
:[[Renal Transplant]]
===ENT===
:[[Myringotomy Tubes]]
:[[Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy]]
:[[Mastoidectomy]]
:[[Tracheostomy]]
:[[Cricoid Split Procedure]]
:[[Suspension Micro Laryngoscopy]]
===Oral Surgery===
:[[Dental Restoration]]
:[[Dental Extraction]]
===Orthopedics===
:[[Idiopathic Scoliosis]]
:[[Neuromuscular Scoliosis]]
:[[Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis]]
:[[Upper Extremity Fracture]]
:[[Lower Extremity Fracture]]
===Neurosurgery===
:[[Brain Tumor Craniotomy]]
:[[Arnold Chiari Malformation]]
:[[Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt]]
:[[Spinal Cord Untethering]]
===Plastics===
:[[Craniofacial Resonstruction]]
:[[Cleft Palate]]
:[[LeFort Advancement]]
:[[Pierre Robin Mandibular Distraction]]
===Urology===
:[[Circumcision]]
:[[Inguinal Hernia]]
:[[Cystoscopy]]
:[[Hypospadias]]
:[[Ureteral Re-Implantation]]
:[[Bladder Augmentation]]
:[[Neonatal Exstrophy]]
 
===Transgender Topics===
:[[Transgender Terminology]]
:[[Assessment of the Transgender Patient]]
:[[Gender Confirming Therapies]]
::[[Hormone Therapy]]
::[[Feminizing Procedures]]
::[[Masculinizing procedures]]
::[[Perioperative Care]]
 
===Ophthalmology===
:[[Strabismus]]
:[[Glacoma]]
:[[Retina]]
:[[Retinoblastoma]]
:[[Nasolacrimal Duct]]  
:[[Ptosis]]
:[[Open Globe]]
:[[Orbital Trauma/Fracture]]
===Cardiac/Congenital Heart Disease===
===Gastroenterology===
:[[Upper Endoscopy]]
:[[Lower Endoscopy/Colonoscopy]]
:[[Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreaticogram]]
:[[Liver Biopsy]]
===Oncology===
:[[Lumbar Puncture]]
:[[Bone Marrow Aspirate/Biopsy]]
:[[Bone Marrow Harvest]]
===Robotic Surgery===
:[[Principles/Physiology]]
:[[Urology]]
:[[Orthopedics]]
:[[General Surgery]]
===Maternal-Fetal===
:[[Introduction to Fetal Anesthesia]]
:[[Pre-Partum Procedures]]
:[[EXIT Procedure]]
===Radiology===
:[[Interventional Radiology]]  
::[[Gastic-Jejunal Feeding Tube Insertion]]
::[[Vascular/Lymphatic Malformation]]
::[[Whittaker Procedure]]
::[[Endovascular Liver Biopsy]]
::[[Cyst Drainage]]
:[[Magnetic Resonance Imaging]]
::[[Head/Body]]
::[[Cardiac MRI]]
===Pain Management===
:[[Perioperative Analgesic Pharmacology in Children (WFSA)]]
:[[Overview of Pain in Children]]
:[[Factors that Modulate Pediatric Pain]]
:[[Assessment of Pain in Children]]
:[[Multimodal Pain Management in Children]]
:[[Pain Treatment in Children]]
::Acute Pain
:::Surgical
:::Medical
::Chronic Pain
:::Acute Pain that Becomes Chronic
:::Surgical
:::Medical
:Patient/Nurse/Parent Controlled Analgesia
:Patient Controlled Epidural Anesthesia
===Palliative Care===
:[[Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care]]
:[[Transitioning to Palliative Care]]
:[[Setting Goals]]
:[[Techniques in the Palliative Setting]]
 
==Operational/Procedural Topics==
===Operating Suite Design and Implementation===
:[[Pre-operative Evaluation Center]]
:[[Pre-operative In-Take]]
:[[Operating Room Design]]
:[[Post-anesthesia Care Unit]]
:[[Remote Anesthesia Locations]]
::[[Radiology]]
::[[Magnetic Resonance Suite]]
::[[Cardiac Catheterization]]
::[[Pet Scanner]]
::[[CT Scanner]]
::[[Emergency Department]]
===Sedation of the Pediatric Patient===
:[[Transporting the anesthetized Pediatric Patient]]
===Recovery of the Pediatric Patient===
:[[Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting]]
:[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]]
:[[Post-Operative Nursing Care]]
:[[Emergence Delirium]]
 
===Personnel Safety in the Pediatric Environment===
:
===Special Topics in Mass Casualty Incidents===
:[[Principles of MCI and Pediatrics]]
:
 
==The Pediatric Perioperative  Surgical Home==
:
:
:
:
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