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Which of the following modalities is the MOST sensitive in detecting venous air
embolism (VAE)?

a) Pulse oximetry

b) Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

c) Precordial Doppler

d) Swan Ganz (PA) Catheter

e) End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide



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==Answer==
Answer b.

TEE is the most sensitive monitor to detect venous air embolism
(VAE), but is an invasive monitor that requires considerable expertise to
interpret. The precordial Doppler is believed to be the most sensitive noninvasive
monitor used to detect VAE. End-tidal nitrogen monitoring has also
been used to detect VAE.



==Notes==
<references />

:This question originally printed in the [http://www.amazon.com/Justin-L.-Lockman/e/B00FLG5AEE/ref=ntt_dp_epwbk_0 Pediatric Anesthesiology Review Topics] kindle book series, and appears courtesy of Naerthwyn Press, LLC.
==Keywords==
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