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[[File:Apple-icon.png|left|60x60px|link=https://pedsanesthesia.net/wiki/index.php]] | |||
''' | [[File:JoinTeam-500x350.png|right|frameless|220x220px|alt=| link=https://pedsanesthesia.net/wiki/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Main+Page]] | ||
'''<small>If you are interested in participating in this huge, Global project, please go ahead and [https://pedsanesthesia.net/wiki/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Main+Page register]! If you are reluctant, please contact me [mailto:DrBobGreenberg@PedsAnesthesia.net here] or on the [https://pedsanesthesia.net/forum forum]. Authorship may be recognized by your institution and contribute to "published works" for academic promotion.</small>''' | |||
---- | ---- | ||
=Introductory Topics= | |||
:[[Preface]] | |||
:[[Preface]] | |||
:[[Disclaimer]] | :[[Disclaimer]] | ||
:[[The Editing Team]] | :[[The Editing Team]] | ||
:[[History of Pediatric Anesthesia]] | :[[History of Pediatric Anesthesia]] | ||
:[[Pediatric Anesthesia Worldwide]] | :[[Pediatric Anesthesia Worldwide]] | ||
:[[Measuring Outcome in Pediatric Anesthesia]] | :[[Measuring Outcome in Pediatric Anesthesia]] | ||
:[[Basic Pediatric Concepts | :[[Basic Pediatric Concepts]] | ||
==Training/Education/Certification== | |||
:[[The Making of a Pediatric Anesthesiologist]] | :[[The Making of a Pediatric Anesthesiologist]] | ||
::[[Educational Principles]] | ::[[Educational Principles]] | ||
::[[Certification Processes]] | ::[[Certification Processes]] | ||
:[[TYK About | Test Your Knowledge]] | ::[[Transitioning to Practice]] | ||
::[[Transitioning to Retirement]] | |||
:[[TYK About | Test Your Knowledge]] | |||
:[[Managing Knowledge]] | |||
==Basic Clinical Information [WFSA and SPA Updates]== | |||
:[[WFSA PaedsUpdateContents]] ( | :[[WFSA PaedsUpdateContents]] Volume 30 - June 2015 (Wiki Format) | ||
:[https://resources.wfsahq.org/uia/vol-37-paediatrics-special-edition/ WFSA PaedsUpdateContents Volume 37 - October 2023 (PDF Format)] | |||
:[https://www2.pedsanesthesia.org/lecture_series/ Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Lecture Series] | |||
:[[ | ==The Growing Child== | ||
:[[ | :[[Embryology]] | ||
:[[ | :[[Development]] | ||
:[[Growth]] | |||
:[[Developmental Psychology]] | |||
==Anatomy & Physiology== | |||
:[[Respiratory System]] | |||
:[[Cardiovascular System]] | |||
:[[Renal System]] | |||
:[[Endocrine System]] | |||
:[[Nervous System]] | |||
:[[Temperature Regulation]] | |||
:[[Fluid & Electrolytes]] | |||
:[[Coagulation & Bleeding]] | |||
:[[Respiratory System]] | |||
:[[Cardiovascular System]] | |||
:[[Renal System]] | |||
:[[Endocrine System]] | |||
:[[Nervous System]] | |||
:[[Temperature Regulation]] | |||
:[[Fluid & Electrolytes]] | |||
:[[Coagulation & Bleeding]] | |||
:[[Pharmacology]] | :[[Pharmacology]] | ||
::[[Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics in children]] | ::[[Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics in children]] | ||
::[[Anesthetic Agents]] | ::[[Anesthetic Agents]] | ||
::[[Opiates & Sedatives]] | ::[[Opiates & Sedatives]] | ||
::[[Muscle Relaxants]] | ::[[Muscle Relaxants]] | ||
==Monitoring== | |||
:[[Standard Monitoring]] | |||
:[[Precordial Stethoscope]] | |||
:[[Oxygen]] | |||
:[[Electrocardiography - EKG]] | |||
:[[Carbon Dioxide]] | |||
:[[Neuromonitoring - IOM]] | |||
:[[Neuromuscular Blockade]] | |||
:[[Blood Pressure]] | |||
:[[Temperature]] | |||
:[[Thromboelastography - TEG]] | |||
:[[Pacemakers]] | |||
:[[Automated Internal Defibrillators]] | |||
:[[Near-Infrared Spectroscopy]] | |||
:[[Electroencephalography - EEG]] | |||
:[[Depth of Anesthesia]] | |||
::[[BIS]] | |||
::[[SEDline]] | |||
==Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesia== | |||
:[[Ethical Constructs relevant to Pediatric Anesthesia]] | :[[Ethical Constructs relevant to Pediatric Anesthesia]] | ||
:[[The Emancipated Minor]] | :[[The Emancipated Minor]] | ||
:[[Assent/Consent]] | :[[Assent/Consent]] | ||
:[[The child of a Jehovah's Witness]] | :[[The child of a Jehovah's Witness]] | ||
:[[Anesthesia in Low Resource Settings]] | |||
:[[Global Pediatric Anesthesia]] | |||
:[[VIP Care]] | |||
:[[End of Life]] | |||
:[[Racial Disparities in Care]] | |||
:[[Child Abuse, Neglect, and Protection]] | |||
== | ==Error, Judgement, and The Law== | ||
:[[Errors in the Operating Room]] | |||
::[[Wrong Side Procedures]] | |||
:[[Just Culture]] | |||
:[[The Making of Medical Malpractice Suit]] | :[[The Making of Medical Malpractice Suit]] | ||
=Clinical Techniques= | |||
:[[Standards of Anesthesia]] | |||
:[[Pocket Reference Cards]] | |||
:[[Point of Care Ultrasound - POCUS]] | |||
==Preoperative Assessment== | |||
:[[General Preoperative Assessment]] | :[[General Preoperative Assessment]] | ||
:[[The Fetus]] | :[[Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient & Family]] | ||
:[[The Infant]] | :[[The Fetus]] | ||
:[[The Child]] | :[[The Pre-Term Infant]] | ||
:[[The Adolescent]] | :[[The Infant]] | ||
:[[The Adult-aged Pediatric Patient]] | :[[The Child]] | ||
:[[The Former Premature Patient]] | :[[The Adolescent]] | ||
:[[Upper Respiratory Infection]] | :[[The Adult-aged Pediatric Patient]] | ||
:[[Obstructive Sleep Apnea]] | :[[The Former Premature Patient]] | ||
:[[Upper Respiratory Infection]] | |||
:[[Obstructive Sleep Apnea]] | |||
:[[Preoperative Fasting]] | :[[Preoperative Fasting]] | ||
:[[Vaccination Status]] | |||
:[[Child Trafficking]] | |||
:[[Pregnancy Testing]] | |||
==Pre-anesthetic Medication== | |||
:[[Pre-induction/Pre-medication]] | :[[Pre-induction/Pre-medication]] | ||
===Anesthetic Induction | ==Pediatric Sedation== | ||
:[[Parental Presence During Induction]] | :[[Principles of Sedation]] | ||
:[[Magic as a | :[[Dental Sedation]] | ||
:[[Distracting Devices]] | :[[Sedation for Radiologic Procedures]] | ||
==Anesthetic Induction== | |||
:[[Parental Presence During Induction]] | |||
:[[Magic as a Distraction Technique]] | |||
:[[Distracting Devices]] | |||
:[[Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient & Family]] | |||
==Maintenance of Anesthesia== | |||
:[[Fluid Management]] | :[[Fluid Management]] | ||
:[[Neuromuscular Blockade]] | :[[Neuromuscular Blockade]] | ||
:[[Blood Products | :[[Blood Products]] | ||
:[[Temperature Management]] | :[[Temperature Management]] | ||
:[[Positioning]] | :[[Positioning]] | ||
:[[Ventilation]] | :[[Ventilation]] | ||
::[[Breathing circuits]] | |||
:[[Controlled Hypotension]] | |||
:[[Electrocautery]] | |||
:[[Depth of Anesthesia]] | |||
::[[BIS]] | |||
::[[SEDline]] | |||
Drugs | |||
:[[Volatile Anesthetics]] | |||
::[[Closed Circuit Anesthesia]] | |||
::[[High Altitude Effects]] | |||
:[[Total Intravenous Anesthesia]] | |||
:[[Dexmedetomidine]] | |||
:[[Opiates]] | |||
:[[Opioid Free Techniques]] | |||
:[[Hypnosis]] | |||
:[[Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents]] | |||
::[[Ketorolac]] | |||
::[[Ibuprofen]] | |||
::[[Cox-2 Inhibitors]] | |||
:[[Ketamine]] | |||
:[[Esmolol]] | |||
:[[Benzodiazepines]] | |||
:[[Perioperative Steroids]] | |||
:[[Antibiotics]] | |||
:[[Acetaminophen]] | |||
:[[Methylene Blue]] | |||
:[[Insulin Pumps]] | |||
:[[Parasympatholytics]] | |||
:[[Bicarbonate]] | |||
:[[Succinylcholine]] | |||
==Emergence/Recovery from Anesthesia== | |||
:[[Deep Extubation]] | |||
:[[Emergence Delirium]] | |||
:[[Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting]] | |||
:[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]] | |||
:[[Post Obstructive Pulmonary Edema]] | |||
:[[Intraoperative Awareness and Recall]] | |||
:[[Post Operative Apnea]] | |||
==Airway Management== | |||
:[[Basic Airway Anatomy of the Pediatric Patient]] | |||
:[[Syndromes and Airway Assessment]] | |||
:[[Basic Airway Management of the Pediatric Patient]] | |||
:[[Laryngeal Mask Airway]] | |||
:[[Basic Laryngoscopy and Intubation]] | |||
:[[Basic Nasal Intubation]] | |||
:[[Rapid Sequence Induction]] | |||
:[[Recognizing and Managing the Difficult Pediatric Airway]] | |||
:[[Advanced Airway Techniques]] | :[[Advanced Airway Techniques]] | ||
:[[Difficult Airway Response Teams]] | |||
:[[Intravenous catheter placement & Care]] | :[[One Lung Ventilation]] | ||
:[[Central Venous Catheter placement & Care]] | :[[Cuffed vs Uncuffed ETTs]] | ||
:[[Intraosseous Access & Care]] | |||
:[[Arterial catheter placement & Care]] | :[[Basic Ventilation]] | ||
:[[Advanced Ventilation]] | |||
:[[Emergency Airway Management]] | |||
:[[Complications of Airway Management]] | |||
:[[Laryngospasm]] | |||
:[[Extubation]] | |||
:[[Deep Extubation]] | |||
==Vascular Access== | |||
:[[Intravenous catheter placement & Care]] | |||
:[[Central Venous Catheter placement & Care]] | |||
:[[Intraosseous Access & Care]] | |||
:[[Arterial catheter placement & Care]] | |||
:[[Intranasal Drug Delivery]] | |||
:[[Needlestick Injury]] | |||
==Regional Blockade== | |||
:[[Principles of Regional Anesthesia in Children]] | :[[Principles of Regional Anesthesia in Children]] | ||
:[[The use of Ultrasound for Regional Anesthesia]] | |||
:[[Local Anesthetics in Children]] | :[[The use of Ultrasound for Regional Anesthesia]] | ||
:[[ | |||
::[[ | :[[Local Anesthetics in Children]] | ||
::[[Lumbar Epidural]] | :[[Local Anesthetic Adjuncts in Children]] | ||
:[[Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity - LAST]] | |||
:[[Nerve Complications of Regional Blockade]] | |||
:[[Head & Neck]] | :[[Peripheral Nerve Stimulation]] | ||
:[[Upper Extremity]] | :[[Compartment Syndrome and Regional Blockade]] | ||
:[[Post-Dural Puncture Headache]] | |||
:[[Axial Blockade]] ([[Caudal]], [[Lumbar Epidural]], [[Thoracic Epidural]], [[Spinal]]) | |||
:[[Head & Neck]] ([[Palatal]], [[Supraorbital & Trochlear Nerve Blocks]], [[Oral Nerve Blocks]], [[Superficial Cervical Plexus Block]], [[Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve]], [[Infraorbital Nerve Block]], [[Scalp Blocks]]) | |||
:[[Upper Extremity]] ([[Interscalene]], [[Supraclavicular]], [[Infraclavicular]], [[Axillary]], [[Peripheral Arm]], [[Intravenous Regional (Bier)]]) | |||
:[[Thorax]] ([[Intercostal]], [[Paravertebral]], [[Erector Spinae Plane]]) | |||
:[[Thorax]] | :[[Abdomen]] ([[Rectus Sheath]], [[Transversus Abdominus Plane]], [[Quadratus Lumborum]], [[Ileoinguinal/Ileohypogastric]], [[Pudendal]], [[Penile]]) | ||
:[[Lower Extremity]] ([[Lumbar Plexus]], [[PENG]], [[Femoral]], [[Adductor Canal]], [[Sciatic]], [[Popliteal]], [[Ankle]]) | |||
:[[Abdomen]] | |||
:[[Lower Extremity]] | |||
:[[Continuous Catheter Infusion (Outside of Hospital)]] | :[[Continuous Catheter Infusion (Outside of Hospital)]] | ||
:[[Rebound Pain after Nerve Block]] | |||
:[[ | ==Blood Conservation Techniques== | ||
:[[ | :[[Cell Saver]] | ||
::[[Prone CPR]] | :[[Controlled Hypotension]] | ||
:[[Tranexamic Acid]] | |||
==Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation== | |||
:[[Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest]] | |||
:[[Pediatric CPR]] | |||
:[[Code Teams]] | |||
:[[PALS Protocols]] | |||
:[[Prone CPR]] | |||
:[[ECMO]] | :[[ECMO]] | ||
:[[CPR Coach]] | :[[CPR Coach]] | ||
:[[Crisis Management]] | |||
=Syndromes/Disorders= | |||
[https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/browse-by-first-letter Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center] | [https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/browse-by-first-letter Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center] | ||
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430685/ StatPearls (National Library of Medicine)] | |||
[https://www.orphananesthesia.eu/en/home-2.html OrphanAnesthesia] | |||
:[[Achalasia]] | |||
:[[Achondroplasia]] | |||
:[[Acute Flaccid Myelitis]] | |||
:[[Adrenal Insufficiency]] | |||
:[[Alpha-Gal Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Anaphylaxis]] | |||
:[[Angelman Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Apert Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Asthma]] | |||
:[[Autism Spectrum]] | :[[Autism Spectrum]] | ||
:[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]] | :[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]] | ||
:[[Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia]] | |||
:[[Brugada Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Cerebral Palsy]] | |||
:[[CHARGE association]] | :[[CHARGE association]] | ||
:[[Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease]] | |||
:[[Cleft lip and/or palate]] | :[[Cleft lip and/or palate]] | ||
:[[Cleidocranial dysplasia]] | |||
:[[Conjoined Twins]] | |||
:[[Cornelia de Lange Syndrome]] | |||
:[[COVID]] | |||
:[[Craniosynostosis]] | :[[Craniosynostosis]] | ||
:[[ | :[[Cystic Fibrosis]] | ||
:[[Diabetes]] | :[[DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome)]] | ||
:[[Down Syndrome]] | :[[Diabetes]] | ||
:[[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]] | |||
:[[Down Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]] | :[[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]] | ||
:[[Genetic Disease]] | :[[Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome]] | ||
:[[Epidermolysis Bullosa]] | |||
:[[Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Genetic Disease]] | |||
:[[G6PD]] | |||
:[[Goldenhar syndrome]] | :[[Goldenhar syndrome]] | ||
:[[Guillain–Barré syndrome]] | :[[Guillain–Barré syndrome]] | ||
:[[Hereditary Spherocytosis]] | |||
:[[Hiccups]] | |||
:[[Inherited metabolic disorders]] | :[[Inherited metabolic disorders]] | ||
:[[Ketogenic Diet]] | |||
:[[Klippel-Feil syndrome]] | :[[Klippel-Feil syndrome]] | ||
:[[Malignant Hyperthermia]] | :[[Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome]] | ||
:[[Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]] | |||
:[[Long QT Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Malignant Hyperthermia]] | |||
:[[Marijuana Use]] | |||
:[[Mastocytosis]] | |||
:[[Medical Child Abuse]] | |||
:[[Mesenteric Traction Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Mitochondrial Disease]] | :[[Mitochondrial Disease]] | ||
:[[Möbius syndrome]] | |||
:[[Monkeypox]] | |||
:[[Moya Moya Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Mucopolysaccharidoses]] | :[[Mucopolysaccharidoses]] | ||
:[[Myesthenia Gravis]] | |||
:[[Myotonic dystrophies]] | :[[Myotonic dystrophies]] | ||
:[[Nephrotic Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Nonaccidental Trauma]] | |||
:[[Noonan syndrome]] | :[[Noonan syndrome]] | ||
:[[Obesity]] | |||
:[[Obstructive Sleep Apnea]] | :[[Obstructive Sleep Apnea]] | ||
:[[Ophthalmologic Disease]] | |||
:[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]] | :[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]] | ||
:[[Pacemakers]] | |||
:[[Papillomatosis]] | |||
:[[Periodic Fever Syndromes]] | |||
:[[Pierre Robin sequence]] | :[[Pierre Robin sequence]] | ||
:[[Polycythemia Vera]] | |||
:[[Porphyria]] | :[[Porphyria]] | ||
:[[Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)]] | |||
:[[Prader-Willi Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Priapism]] | |||
:[[Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency]] | |||
:[[Pulmonary Hypertension]] | |||
:[[Sepsis]] | |||
:[[Sickle Cell Disease]] | :[[Sickle Cell Disease]] | ||
:[[Smoking and Vaping]] | |||
:[[Special Needs]] | |||
:[[Spina Bifida]] | |||
:[[Spinal Cord Injury]] | |||
:[[Spinal Muscular Atrophy]] | |||
:[[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Stroke]] | |||
:[[Sturge Weber]] | |||
:[[Substance Use Disorder]] | |||
:[[Tetanus]] | |||
:[[Thyrotoxicosis]] | |||
:[[Treacher Collins syndrome]] | :[[Treacher Collins syndrome]] | ||
:[[Trochlear Palsey]] | |||
:[[Turner syndrome]] | :[[Turner syndrome]] | ||
:[[VACTERR (or VACTERL ) association]] | :[[VACTERR (or VACTERL) association]] | ||
:[[Vein of Galen Malformation]] | |||
:[[Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Von Willibrand’s Disease]] | |||
:[[Waardenburg syndrome]] | |||
:[[Williams Syndrome]] | |||
=Procedure Based Discussions= | |||
:[[Generalized Suggested Outline]] | |||
==General Surgery== | |||
:[[Appendectomy]] | |||
:[[Bariatric]] | |||
:[[Bronchoscopy]] | |||
:[[ | |||
:[[ | |||
:[[ | |||
:[[Burns]] | :[[Burns]] | ||
:[[Button Battery Ingestion]] | |||
:[[Central Line Placement (Hickman/Broviac/Infusaport)]] | |||
:[[Cholelithiasis]] | |||
:[[Cystic Adenomatous Malformation (CAM)]] | |||
:[[Diaphragmatic Hernia]] | |||
:[[Duodenal Atresia]] | |||
:[[Gastrochisis]] | |||
:[[Inguinal Hernia]] | |||
:[[Kasai Procedure]] | |||
:[[Laparoscopy]] | |||
:[[Magnet Ingestion]] | |||
:[[Malrotation]] | |||
:[[Necrotizing Enterocolitis]] | |||
:[[Omphalocoele]] | |||
:[[Ovarian Torsion]] | |||
:[[Pectus Excavatum/Carinatum]] | :[[Pectus Excavatum/Carinatum]] | ||
:[[ | :[[Pheochromocytoma]] | ||
:[[Pyloric Stenosis]] | |||
:[[Sacrococcygeal Teratoma]] | |||
:[[Thoracotomy]] | |||
:[[Thyroid/Parathyroid]] | |||
:[[Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula]] | |||
:[[Tracheopexy]] | |||
:[[Trauma]] | |||
:[[Umbilical Hernia]] | |||
:[[Umbilical Herniorrphy]] | |||
==Transplant== | |||
:[[Liver Transplant]] | |||
:[[Renal Transplant]] | |||
:[[Cardiac Transplant]] | |||
:[[Organ Procurement]] | |||
== | ==ENT== | ||
:[[ | :[[Auditory Evoked Potentials]] | ||
:[[ | :[[Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)]] | ||
:[[Bronchoscopy]] | |||
:[[ | :[[Cricoid Split Procedure]] | ||
:[[ | :[[Epiglottitis]] | ||
:[[Mastoidectomy]] | :[[Foreign Body in Airway]] | ||
:[[ | :[[Glottic Web]] | ||
:[[ | :[[Laryngotracheal Reconstruction]] | ||
:[[Mastoidectomy]] | |||
:[[Myringotomy Tubes]] | |||
:[[Papillomatosis]] | |||
:[[Retropharyngeal Abscess]] | |||
:[[Suspension Micro Laryngoscopy]] | :[[Suspension Micro Laryngoscopy]] | ||
:[[ | :[[Thyroglossal Duct Cyst]] | ||
:[[Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy]] | |||
:[[Tracheostomy]] | |||
==Fetal== | |||
:[[Fetal Interventions]] | |||
:[[ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT)]] | |||
==Dental/Oral Surgery== | |||
:[[Dental Restoration]] | |||
:[[Dental Extraction]] | |||
:[[Dental Sedation]] | |||
==Orthopedics== | |||
:[[Idiopathic Scoliosis]] | |||
:[[Neuromuscular Scoliosis]] | |||
:[[Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis]] | |||
:[[Upper Extremity Fracture]] | |||
:[[Lower Extremity Fracture]] | |||
:[[Bone Cement]] | |||
:[[Compartment Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Tourniquet Use]] | |||
:[[Clubfoot Repair]] | |||
:[[Total Knee Arthroplasty]] | |||
==Neurosurgery== | |||
:[[General Neurosurgery]] | |||
:[[Brain Tumor Craniotomy]] | |||
:[[Arnold Chiari Malformation]] | |||
:[[Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt]] | |||
:[[Spinal Cord Untethering]] | |||
:[[Encephalocele]] | |||
:[[Spinal Cord Injury]] | |||
:[[Awake Craniotomy]] | |||
:[[Vagal Nerve Stimulator]] | |||
:[[Arteriovenous Malformation]] | |||
:[[Traumatic Brain Injury]] | |||
:[[Air Embolism]] | |||
:[[Spina Bifida]] | |||
:[[Pituitary Surgery]] | |||
==Plastics== | |||
:[[Craniosynostosis]] | :[[Craniosynostosis]] | ||
:[[Craniofacial Reconstruction]] | :[[Craniofacial Reconstruction]] | ||
:[[Cleft | :[[Cleft lip and/or palate]] | ||
:[[LeFort Advancement]] | :[[LeFort Advancement]] | ||
:[[Pierre Robin Mandibular Distraction]] | :[[Pierre Robin Mandibular Distraction]] | ||
==Urology== | |||
:[[Circumcision]] | :[[Circumcision]] | ||
:[[Inguinal Hernia]] | :[[Inguinal Hernia]] | ||
:[[Cystoscopy]] | :[[Cystoscopy]] | ||
:[[Hypospadias]] | :[[Hypospadias]] | ||
:[[Ureteral Re-Implantation]] | :[[Ureteral Re-Implantation]] | ||
:[[Bladder Augmentation]] | :[[Bladder Augmentation]] | ||
:[[Neonatal Exstrophy]] | :[[Neonatal Exstrophy]] | ||
:[[Testicular Torsion]] | |||
:[[Orchiopexy]] | |||
:[[Robotic Surgery]] | |||
==Transgender Topics== | |||
:[[Transgender Terminology]] | :[[Transgender Terminology]] | ||
:[[Assessment of the Transgender Patient]] | :[[Assessment of the Transgender Patient]] | ||
| Line 257: | Line 471: | ||
::[[Perioperative Care]] | ::[[Perioperative Care]] | ||
==Ophthalmology== | |||
:[[Strabismus]] | :[[Strabismus]] | ||
:[[Glacoma]] | :[[Glacoma]] | ||
:[[Retina]] | :[[Retina]] | ||
:[[Retinoblastoma]] | :[[Retinoblastoma]] | ||
:[[Nasolacrimal Duct]] | :[[Nasolacrimal Duct]] | ||
:[[Ptosis]] | :[[Ptosis]] | ||
:[[Open Globe]] | :[[Open Globe]] | ||
:[[Orbital Trauma/Fracture]] | :[[Orbital Trauma/Fracture]] | ||
==Cardiac/Congenital Heart Disease== | |||
:[[Basic Cardiac Principles]] | :[[Basic Cardiac Principles]] | ||
:[[Transitional Circulation]] | :[[Transitional Circulation]] | ||
:[[Cyanotic Lesions]] | :[[Cyanotic Lesions]] | ||
:[[Non-cyanotic Lesions]] | :[[Non-cyanotic Lesions]] | ||
:[[Cardiopulmonary Bypass]] | |||
:[[Cardiac Catheterization]] | |||
:[[Non-Cardiac Procedures]] | |||
:[[ | ==Gastroenterology== | ||
:[[Upper Endoscopy]] | |||
:[[Lower Endoscopy/Colonoscopy]] | |||
:[[Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreaticogram]] | |||
:[[Liver Biopsy]] | |||
== | ==Oncology== | ||
:[[ | :[[Perioperative Care of the Child with Cancer]] | ||
:[[Lumbar Puncture]] | |||
:[[Lumbar Puncture]] | |||
:[[Bone Marrow Aspirate/Biopsy]] | :[[Bone Marrow Aspirate/Biopsy]] | ||
:[[Bone Marrow Harvest]] | :[[Bone Marrow Harvest]] | ||
:[[Anterior Mediastinal Mass]] | :[[Anterior Mediastinal Mass]] | ||
:[[Wilms’ Tumor]] | |||
==Robotic Surgery== | |||
:[[Principles/Physiology]] | :[[Principles/Physiology]] | ||
:[[Urology]] | :[[Urology]] | ||
:[[Orthopedics]] | :[[Orthopedics]] | ||
:[[General Surgery]] | :[[General Surgery]] | ||
==Maternal-Fetal== | |||
:[[Introduction to Fetal Anesthesia]] | :[[Introduction to Fetal Anesthesia]] | ||
:[[Pre-Partum Procedures]] | :[[Pre-Partum Procedures]] | ||
:[[EXIT | :[[Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT)]] | ||
==Radiology== | |||
:[[Interventional Radiology]] | :[[Interventional Radiology]] | ||
::[[Gastic-Jejunal Feeding Tube Insertion]] | ::[[Gastic-Jejunal Feeding Tube Insertion]] | ||
::[[Vascular/Lymphatic Malformation]] | ::[[Vascular/Lymphatic Malformation]] | ||
::[[Whittaker Procedure]] | ::[[Whittaker Procedure]] | ||
::[[Endovascular Liver Biopsy]] | ::[[Endovascular Liver Biopsy]] | ||
::[[Cyst Drainage]] | ::[[Cyst Drainage]] | ||
:[[Magnetic Resonance Imaging]] | :[[Magnetic Resonance Imaging]] | ||
::[[Head/Body]] | ::[[Head/Body]] | ||
::[[Cardiac MRI]] | ::[[Cardiac MRI]] | ||
===Pain Management | :[[Positron Emission Tomography (PET)]] | ||
:[[Perioperative | |||
:[[Overview of Pain in Children]] | :[[Neuroradiology]] | ||
:[[Factors that Modulate Pediatric Pain]] | ::[[Wada Test]] | ||
:[[Assessment of Pain in Children]] | ::[[Vein of Galen Malformation]] | ||
:[[Multimodal Pain Management in Children]] | ::[[Ophthalmic Artery Injection]] | ||
:[[Pain Treatment in Children]] | |||
:[[Urodynamic Studies]] | |||
==Psychiatry== | |||
:[[Electroconvulsive Therapy]] | |||
==Pain Management== | |||
:[[Perioperative analgesic pharmacology in children]] | |||
:[[Overview of Pain in Children]] | |||
:[[Factors that Modulate Pediatric Pain]] | |||
:[[Assessment of Pain in Children]] | |||
:[[Multimodal Pain Management in Children]] | |||
:[[Pain Treatment in Children]] | |||
::[[Acute Pain]] | ::[[Acute Pain]] | ||
:::[[Surgical]] | :::[[Surgical]] | ||
:::[[Medical]] | :::[[Medical]] | ||
::[[Chronic Pain]] | ::[[Chronic Pain]] | ||
:::[[Acute Pain that Becomes Chronic]] | :::[[Acute Pain that Becomes Chronic]] | ||
:::[[Surgical]] | :::[[Surgical]] | ||
:::[[Medical]] | :::[[Medical]] | ||
:[[Patient/Nurse/Parent Controlled Analgesia]] | :[[Patient/Nurse/Parent Controlled Analgesia]] | ||
:[[Patient Controlled Epidural Anesthesia]] | :[[Patient Controlled Epidural Anesthesia]] | ||
:[[Cancer Pain]] | |||
:[[Pain Management in the Intensive Care Unit]] | |||
==Palliative Care== | |||
:[[Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care]] | :[[Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care]] | ||
:[[Transitioning to Palliative Care]] | :[[Transitioning to Palliative Care]] | ||
:[[Setting Goals]] | :[[Setting Goals]] | ||
:[[Techniques in the Palliative Setting]] | :[[Techniques in the Palliative Setting]] | ||
:[[End of Life Care]] | |||
=Operational/Procedural Topics= | |||
==Care of the Pediatric Anesthesiologist== | |||
:[[Ergonomics and Physical Factors]] | |||
:[[Psychologic Stress]] | |||
:[[Imposter Syndrome]] | |||
:[[Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion]] | |||
:[[Clinical Decision-Making]] | |||
:[[Performance and Compensation]] | |||
:[[The Aging Anesthesiologist]] | |||
==Operating Suite Design and Implementation== | |||
:[[Medical Language Interpretation]] | |||
:[[Pre-operative Evaluation Center]] | :[[Pre-operative Evaluation Center]] | ||
:[[Pre-operative In-Take]] | :[[Pre-operative In-Take]] | ||
:[[Operating Room Design]] | :[[Operating Room Design]] | ||
:[[Post-anesthesia Care Unit]] | :[[Post-anesthesia Care Unit]] | ||
:[[Remote Anesthesia Locations]] | :[[Remote Anesthesia Locations]] | ||
::[[Radiology]] | ::[[Radiology]] | ||
::[[Magnetic Resonance Suite]] | ::[[Magnetic Resonance Suite]] | ||
::[[Cardiac Catheterization]] | ::[[Cardiac Catheterization]] | ||
::[[Pet Scanner]] | ::[[Pet Scanner]] | ||
::[[CT Scanner]] | ::[[CT Scanner]] | ||
::[[Emergency Department]] | ::[[Emergency Department]] | ||
:[[Scheduling Strategies]] | |||
:[[Environmental and Occupational Considerations]] | |||
:[[Intraoperative Communication]] | |||
:[[Personal Electronic Devices]] | |||
==Sedation of the Pediatric Patient== | |||
:[[Transporting the anesthetized Pediatric Patient]] | :[[Transporting the anesthetized Pediatric Patient]] | ||
:[[Dental Sedation]] | :[[Dental Sedation]] | ||
:[[Creating a Sedation Service]] | |||
==Recovery of the Pediatric Patient== | |||
:[[Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting]] | :[[Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting]] | ||
:[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]] | :[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]] | ||
:[[Post-Operative Nursing Care]] | :[[Post-Operative Nursing Care]] | ||
:[[Emergence Delirium]] | :[[Emergence Delirium]] | ||
:[[Delayed Emergence]] | |||
==Personnel Safety in the Pediatric Environment== | |||
:[[Operating Room Fires]] | :[[Operating Room Fires]] | ||
:[[Active Shooter]] | |||
:[[Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI]] | |||
:[[X-Ray & Radiologic Safety]] | |||
==Special Topics in Mass Casualty Incidents== | |||
:[[Principles of MCI and Pediatrics]] | :[[Principles of MCI and Pediatrics]] | ||
: | :[[Helicopter Emergency Medical Services- HEMS]] | ||
==Low Resource Environments== | |||
:[[Low Resource Environment Issues]] | |||
:[[In-Flight Emergencies]] | |||
==The Pediatric Perioperative Surgical Home== | ==The Pediatric Perioperative Surgical Home== | ||
: | :[[Enhanced Recovery After Surgery - ERAS]] | ||
: | : | ||
---- | ---- | ||
=Editing tools= | =Editing tools= | ||
:[[TYK_Question_List]] | :[[TYK_Question_List]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:37, 13 November 2024
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Introductory Topics
- The Editing Team
- History of Pediatric Anesthesia
- Pediatric Anesthesia Worldwide
- Measuring Outcome in Pediatric Anesthesia
- Basic Pediatric Concepts
Training/Education/Certification
Basic Clinical Information [WFSA and SPA Updates]
- WFSA PaedsUpdateContents Volume 30 - June 2015 (Wiki Format)
- WFSA PaedsUpdateContents Volume 37 - October 2023 (PDF Format)
- Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Lecture Series
The Growing Child
Anatomy & Physiology
- Respiratory System
- Cardiovascular System
- Renal System
- Endocrine System
- Nervous System
- Temperature Regulation
- Fluid & Electrolytes
- Coagulation & Bleeding
- Pharmacology
Monitoring
- Standard Monitoring
- Precordial Stethoscope
- Oxygen
- Electrocardiography - EKG
- Carbon Dioxide
- Neuromonitoring - IOM
- Neuromuscular Blockade
- Blood Pressure
- Temperature
- Thromboelastography - TEG
- Pacemakers
- Automated Internal Defibrillators
- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
- Electroencephalography - EEG
- Depth of Anesthesia
Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesia
- Ethical Constructs relevant to Pediatric Anesthesia
- The Emancipated Minor
- Assent/Consent
- The child of a Jehovah's Witness
- Anesthesia in Low Resource Settings
- Global Pediatric Anesthesia
- VIP Care
- End of Life
- Racial Disparities in Care
- Child Abuse, Neglect, and Protection
Error, Judgement, and The Law
Clinical Techniques
Preoperative Assessment
- General Preoperative Assessment
- Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient & Family
- The Fetus
- The Pre-Term Infant
- The Infant
- The Child
- The Adolescent
- The Adult-aged Pediatric Patient
- The Former Premature Patient
- Upper Respiratory Infection
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Preoperative Fasting
- Vaccination Status
- Child Trafficking
- Pregnancy Testing
Pre-anesthetic Medication
Pediatric Sedation
Anesthetic Induction
- Parental Presence During Induction
- Magic as a Distraction Technique
- Distracting Devices
- Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient & Family
Maintenance of Anesthesia
- Fluid Management
- Neuromuscular Blockade
- Blood Products
- Temperature Management
- Positioning
- Ventilation
- Controlled Hypotension
- Electrocautery
- Depth of Anesthesia
Drugs
- Volatile Anesthetics
- Total Intravenous Anesthesia
- Dexmedetomidine
- Opiates
- Opioid Free Techniques
- Hypnosis
- Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents
- Ketamine
- Esmolol
- Benzodiazepines
- Perioperative Steroids
- Antibiotics
- Acetaminophen
- Methylene Blue
- Insulin Pumps
- Parasympatholytics
- Bicarbonate
- Succinylcholine
Emergence/Recovery from Anesthesia
- Deep Extubation
- Emergence Delirium
- Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting
- Pain Management in the Recovery Room
- Post Obstructive Pulmonary Edema
- Intraoperative Awareness and Recall
- Post Operative Apnea
Airway Management
- Basic Airway Anatomy of the Pediatric Patient
- Syndromes and Airway Assessment
- Basic Airway Management of the Pediatric Patient
- Laryngeal Mask Airway
- Basic Laryngoscopy and Intubation
- Basic Nasal Intubation
- Basic Ventilation
- Advanced Ventilation
- Emergency Airway Management
- Complications of Airway Management
- Laryngospasm
- Extubation
- Deep Extubation
Vascular Access
- Intravenous catheter placement & Care
- Central Venous Catheter placement & Care
- Intraosseous Access & Care
- Arterial catheter placement & Care
- Intranasal Drug Delivery
- Needlestick Injury
Regional Blockade
- Local Anesthetics in Children
- Local Anesthetic Adjuncts in Children
- Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity - LAST
- Nerve Complications of Regional Blockade
- Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
- Compartment Syndrome and Regional Blockade
- Post-Dural Puncture Headache
- Axial Blockade (Caudal, Lumbar Epidural, Thoracic Epidural, Spinal)
- Head & Neck (Palatal, Supraorbital & Trochlear Nerve Blocks, Oral Nerve Blocks, Superficial Cervical Plexus Block, Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve, Infraorbital Nerve Block, Scalp Blocks)
- Upper Extremity (Interscalene, Supraclavicular, Infraclavicular, Axillary, Peripheral Arm, Intravenous Regional (Bier))
- Thorax (Intercostal, Paravertebral, Erector Spinae Plane)
- Abdomen (Rectus Sheath, Transversus Abdominus Plane, Quadratus Lumborum, Ileoinguinal/Ileohypogastric, Pudendal, Penile)
- Lower Extremity (Lumbar Plexus, PENG, Femoral, Adductor Canal, Sciatic, Popliteal, Ankle)
Blood Conservation Techniques
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest
- Pediatric CPR
- Code Teams
- PALS Protocols
- Prone CPR
- ECMO
- CPR Coach
- Crisis Management
Syndromes/Disorders
Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
StatPearls (National Library of Medicine)
- Achalasia
- Achondroplasia
- Acute Flaccid Myelitis
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Alpha-Gal Syndrome
- Anaphylaxis
- Angelman Syndrome
- Apert Syndrome
- Asthma
- Autism Spectrum
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Brugada Syndrome
- Cerebral Palsy
- CHARGE association
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
- Cleft lip and/or palate
- Cleidocranial dysplasia
- Conjoined Twins
- Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
- COVID
- Craniosynostosis
- Cystic Fibrosis
- DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome)
- Diabetes
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- Down Syndrome
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome
- Genetic Disease
- G6PD
- Goldenhar syndrome
- Guillain–Barré syndrome
- Hereditary Spherocytosis
- Hiccups
- Inherited metabolic disorders
- Ketogenic Diet
- Klippel-Feil syndrome
- Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- Long QT Syndrome
- Malignant Hyperthermia
- Marijuana Use
- Mastocytosis
- Medical Child Abuse
- Mesenteric Traction Syndrome
- Mitochondrial Disease
- Möbius syndrome
- Monkeypox
- Moya Moya Syndrome
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Myesthenia Gravis
- Myotonic dystrophies
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Nonaccidental Trauma
- Noonan syndrome
- Obesity
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Ophthalmologic Disease
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Pacemakers
- Papillomatosis
- Periodic Fever Syndromes
- Pierre Robin sequence
- Polycythemia Vera
- Porphyria
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
- Prader-Willi Syndrome
- Priapism
- Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Sepsis
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Smoking and Vaping
- Special Needs
- Spina Bifida
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Stroke
- Sturge Weber
- Substance Use Disorder
- Tetanus
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Treacher Collins syndrome
- Trochlear Palsey
- Turner syndrome
- VACTERR (or VACTERL) association
- Vein of Galen Malformation
- Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
- Von Willibrand’s Disease
- Waardenburg syndrome
- Williams Syndrome
Procedure Based Discussions
General Surgery
- Appendectomy
- Bariatric
- Bronchoscopy
- Burns
- Button Battery Ingestion
- Central Line Placement (Hickman/Broviac/Infusaport)
- Cholelithiasis
- Cystic Adenomatous Malformation (CAM)
- Diaphragmatic Hernia
- Duodenal Atresia
- Gastrochisis
- Inguinal Hernia
- Kasai Procedure
- Laparoscopy
- Magnet Ingestion
- Malrotation
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- Omphalocoele
- Ovarian Torsion
- Pectus Excavatum/Carinatum
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pyloric Stenosis
- Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
- Thoracotomy
- Thyroid/Parathyroid
- Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula
- Tracheopexy
- Trauma
- Umbilical Hernia
- Umbilical Herniorrphy
Transplant
ENT
- Auditory Evoked Potentials
- Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)
- Bronchoscopy
- Cricoid Split Procedure
- Epiglottitis
- Foreign Body in Airway
- Glottic Web
- Laryngotracheal Reconstruction
- Mastoidectomy
- Myringotomy Tubes
- Papillomatosis
- Retropharyngeal Abscess
- Suspension Micro Laryngoscopy
- Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
- Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy
- Tracheostomy
Fetal
Dental/Oral Surgery
Orthopedics
- Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Neuromuscular Scoliosis
- Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
- Upper Extremity Fracture
- Lower Extremity Fracture
- Bone Cement
- Compartment Syndrome
- Tourniquet Use
- Clubfoot Repair
- Total Knee Arthroplasty
Neurosurgery
- General Neurosurgery
- Brain Tumor Craniotomy
- Arnold Chiari Malformation
- Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt
- Spinal Cord Untethering
- Encephalocele
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Awake Craniotomy
- Vagal Nerve Stimulator
- Arteriovenous Malformation
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Air Embolism
- Spina Bifida
- Pituitary Surgery
Plastics
- Craniosynostosis
- Craniofacial Reconstruction
- Cleft lip and/or palate
- LeFort Advancement
- Pierre Robin Mandibular Distraction
Urology
- Circumcision
- Inguinal Hernia
- Cystoscopy
- Hypospadias
- Ureteral Re-Implantation
- Bladder Augmentation
- Neonatal Exstrophy
- Testicular Torsion
- Orchiopexy
- Robotic Surgery
Transgender Topics
Ophthalmology
- Strabismus
- Glacoma
- Retina
- Retinoblastoma
- Nasolacrimal Duct
- Ptosis
- Open Globe
- Orbital Trauma/Fracture
Cardiac/Congenital Heart Disease
- Basic Cardiac Principles
- Transitional Circulation
- Cyanotic Lesions
- Non-cyanotic Lesions
- Cardiopulmonary Bypass
- Cardiac Catheterization
- Non-Cardiac Procedures
Gastroenterology
- Upper Endoscopy
- Lower Endoscopy/Colonoscopy
- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreaticogram
- Liver Biopsy
Oncology
- Perioperative Care of the Child with Cancer
- Lumbar Puncture
- Bone Marrow Aspirate/Biopsy
- Bone Marrow Harvest
- Anterior Mediastinal Mass
- Wilms’ Tumor
Robotic Surgery
Maternal-Fetal
Radiology
Psychiatry
Pain Management
- Perioperative analgesic pharmacology in children
- Overview of Pain in Children
- Factors that Modulate Pediatric Pain
- Assessment of Pain in Children
- Multimodal Pain Management in Children
- Pain Treatment in Children
- Patient/Nurse/Parent Controlled Analgesia
- Patient Controlled Epidural Anesthesia
- Cancer Pain
- Pain Management in the Intensive Care Unit
Palliative Care
- Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care
- Transitioning to Palliative Care
- Setting Goals
- Techniques in the Palliative Setting
- End of Life Care
Operational/Procedural Topics
Care of the Pediatric Anesthesiologist
- Ergonomics and Physical Factors
- Psychologic Stress
- Imposter Syndrome
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
- Clinical Decision-Making
- Performance and Compensation
- The Aging Anesthesiologist
Operating Suite Design and Implementation
- Medical Language Interpretation
- Pre-operative Evaluation Center
- Pre-operative In-Take
- Operating Room Design
- Post-anesthesia Care Unit
- Remote Anesthesia Locations
- Scheduling Strategies
- Environmental and Occupational Considerations
- Intraoperative Communication
- Personal Electronic Devices
Sedation of the Pediatric Patient
Recovery of the Pediatric Patient
- Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting
- Pain Management in the Recovery Room
- Post-Operative Nursing Care
- Emergence Delirium
- Delayed Emergence