Pudendal - Revision history

WikiSysop at 03:00, 23 October 2025

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	=== 7. References and Further Reading ===		=== 7. References and Further Reading ===
	* Full citation list with PubMed/DOI links for easy reference		* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Child+anesthesia+pudendal+block&sort=date Full citation list with PubMed/DOI links for easy reference]

WikiSysop at 01:10, 23 October 2025

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	=== 7. References and Further Reading ===		=== 7. References and Further Reading ===
	* Full citation list with PubMed/DOI links for easy reference		* Full citation list with PubMed/DOI links for easy reference


	~~[https://player.vimeo.com/video/464216443 OA-SPA Pediatric Anesthesia Virtual Grand Rounds: Ultrasound-guided Pudendal Nerve Block for Children in the Lithotomy Position]~~

	~~[https://www.canjurol.com/html/free-articles/Cdn_JU28_I2_19_FREE_DrOkoro.pdf How I Do It: The pudendal nerve block for pediatric ambulatory urologic surgery]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29205687/ Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block in children: A new technique of ultrasound-guided transperineal approach]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24257391/ The effectiveness of pudendal nerve block versus caudal block anesthesia for hypospadias in children]~~

	~~[https://rapm.bmj.com/content/41/5/610 Pudendal Versus Caudal Block in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery: A randomized Controlled Trial]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18633043/ A randomized controlled trial of pudendal nerve block for pain reliefafter episiotomy]~~

	~~[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03021848 Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block versus general anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15625258/ Nerve stimulator guided pudendalnerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain]~~

	[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial]

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8638766/ Variations in the branching of the internal pudendal artery in the ischioanal fossa]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15768420/ Anatomical study ofthe pudendal nerve adjacent to the sacrospinous ligament]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14725700/ Anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its terminal branches: a cadaver study]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11584221/ New, simple, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the pudendal nerve: ultrasonographic technique]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18299095/ Feasibility of real-time ultrasoundfor pudendal nerve block in patients with chronic perineal pain]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22430025/ Randomized controlled trial comparing pudendal nerve block under ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance]~~

	~~[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26780419/ Ultrasound-Guided PudendalNerve Block at the Entrance of the Pudendal (Alcock) Canal:Description of Anatomy and Clinical Technique]~~

	~~[https://www.canjurol.com/html/free-articles/Cdn_JU28_I2_19_FREE_DrOkoro.pdf How I Do It: The Pudendal Nerve Block for Pediatric Ambulatory Urologic Surgery]~~

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	{{Stub Notice}}		{{Stub Notice}}

			== Pudendal Nerve Block ==

			=== 1. Introduction ===
			* Overview of the pudendal nerve and relevance in pediatric anesthesia
			* Typical indications (e.g., circumcision, hypospadias, anorectal surgery, urologic procedures)
			* Advantages compared to caudal or dorsal penile/clitoral blocks

			=== 2. Anatomy and Related Structures ===
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14725700/ Anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its terminal branches: a cadaver study]
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15768420/ Anatomical study of the pudendal nerve adjacent to the sacrospinous ligament]
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8638766/ Variations in the branching of the internal pudendal artery in the ischioanal fossa]

			=== 3. Techniques and Approaches ===

			==== 3.1 Ultrasound-Guided Techniques ====
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29205687/ Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block in children: A new technique of ultrasound-guided transperineal approach]
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11584221/ New, simple, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the pudendal nerve: ultrasonographic technique]
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18299095/ Feasibility of real-time ultrasound for pudendal nerve block in patients with chronic perineal pain]
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22430025/ Randomized controlled trial comparing pudendal nerve block under ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance]
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26780419/ Ultrasound-Guided Pudendal Nerve Block at the Entrance of the Pudendal (Alcock) Canal: Description of Anatomy and Clinical Technique]
			* [https://player.vimeo.com/video/464216443 OA-SPA Pediatric Anesthesia Virtual Grand Rounds: Ultrasound-guided Pudendal Nerve Block for Children in the Lithotomy Position]

			==== 3.2 Nerve Stimulator and Landmark Approaches ====
			* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03021848 Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block versus general anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy]
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15625258/ Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain]

			=== 4. Pediatric and Clinical Applications ===

			==== 4.1 Pediatric Urologic Surgery ====
			* [https://www.canjurol.com/html/free-articles/Cdn_JU28_I2_19_FREE_DrOkoro.pdf How I Do It: The pudendal nerve block for pediatric ambulatory urologic surgery]

			==== 4.2 Hypospadias and Circumcision ====
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24257391/ The effectiveness of pudendal nerve block versus caudal block anesthesia for hypospadias in children]
			* [https://rapm.bmj.com/content/41/5/610 Pudendal Versus Caudal Block in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial]
			* [https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomized controlled trial]

			=== 5. Other Clinical Studies and Adult Data (Contextual) ===
			* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18633043/ A randomized controlled trial of pudendal nerve block for pain relief after episiotomy]

			=== 6. Summary of Evidence ===
			* Comparative outcomes in pediatric vs adult data
			* Analgesic duration, success rates, and complications
			* Role of ultrasound guidance in improving safety and efficacy

			=== 7. References and Further Reading ===
			* Full citation list with PubMed/DOI links for easy reference


	[https://player.vimeo.com/video/464216443 OA-SPA Pediatric Anesthesia Virtual Grand Rounds: Ultrasound-guided Pudendal Nerve Block for Children in the Lithotomy Position]		[https://player.vimeo.com/video/464216443 OA-SPA Pediatric Anesthesia Virtual Grand Rounds: Ultrasound-guided Pudendal Nerve Block for Children in the Lithotomy Position]

WikiSysop at 00:13, 23 October 2025

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	[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial]		[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial]

	~~Fronh€ofer G, Niernberger T, Anderhuber F~~. Variations in the ~~branch-ing~~ of the internal pudendal artery in the ischioanal fossa~~.Ann Anat.1996;178:133-135.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8638766/ Variations in the branching of the internal pudendal artery in the ischioanal fossa]

	~~Mahakkanukrauh P, Surin P, Vaidhayakarn P~~. Anatomical study ofthe pudendal nerve adjacent to the sacrospinous ligament~~.Clin Anat.2005;18:200-205.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15768420/ Anatomical study ofthe pudendal nerve adjacent to the sacrospinous ligament]

	~~Schraffordt SE, Tjandra JJ, Eizenberg N, Dwyer PL~~. Anatomy of ~~thepudendal~~ nerve and its terminal branches: a cadaver study~~.ANZ JSurg. 2004;74:23-26.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14725700/ Anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its terminal branches: a cadaver study]

	~~Kovacs P, Gruber H, Piegger J, Bodner G~~. New, simple, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the pudendal nerve: ultrasonographic ~~tech-nique.Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:1381-1385.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11584221/ New, simple, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the pudendal nerve: ultrasonographic technique]

	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18299095/ Feasibility of real-time ultrasoundfor pudendal nerve block in patients with chronic perineal pain]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18299095/ Feasibility of real-time ultrasoundfor pudendal nerve block in patients with chronic perineal pain]

WikiSysop at 16:52, 22 October 2025

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	[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial]		[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial]

	Polaner DM, Taenzer AH, Walker BJ, et al. Pediatric Regional Anes-thesia Network (PRAN): a multi-institutional study of the use andincidence of complications of pediatric regional anesthesia.AnesthAnalg. 2012;115:1353-1364.

	~~Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: abehavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children.Pediatr Nurs. 1997;23:293-297.~~

	Fronh€ofer G, Niernberger T, Anderhuber F. Variations in the branch-ing of the internal pudendal artery in the ischioanal fossa.Ann Anat.1996;178:133-135.		Fronh€ofer G, Niernberger T, Anderhuber F. Variations in the branch-ing of the internal pudendal artery in the ischioanal fossa.Ann Anat.1996;178:133-135.

WikiSysop at 16:49, 22 October 2025

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	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15625258/ Nerve stimulator guided pudendalnerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15625258/ Nerve stimulator guided pudendalnerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain]

	~~Naja Z, Al~~-~~Tannir MA, Faysal W, Daoud N, Ziade F, El~~-~~Rajab M~~. ~~Acomparison~~ of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for ~~cir-cumcision~~ in children: a randomised controlled trial~~.Anaesthesia.2011;66:802-807.~~		[https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial]

	Polaner DM, Taenzer AH, Walker BJ, et al. Pediatric Regional Anes-thesia Network (PRAN): a multi-institutional study of the use andincidence of complications of pediatric regional anesthesia.AnesthAnalg. 2012;115:1353-1364.		Polaner DM, Taenzer AH, Walker BJ, et al. Pediatric Regional Anes-thesia Network (PRAN): a multi-institutional study of the use andincidence of complications of pediatric regional anesthesia.AnesthAnalg. 2012;115:1353-1364.

WikiSysop at 16:47, 22 October 2025

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	[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03021848 Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block versus general anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy]		[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03021848 Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block versus general anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy]

	~~Naja Z, Ziade MF, L€onnqvist PA~~. Nerve stimulator guided pudendalnerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain~~.Can J Anaesth.2005;52:62-68.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15625258/ Nerve stimulator guided pudendalnerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain]

	Naja Z, Al-Tannir MA, Faysal W, Daoud N, Ziade F, El-Rajab M. Acomparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for cir-cumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial.Anaesthesia.2011;66:802-807.		Naja Z, Al-Tannir MA, Faysal W, Daoud N, Ziade F, El-Rajab M. Acomparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for cir-cumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial.Anaesthesia.2011;66:802-807.

WikiSysop at 16:43, 22 October 2025

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 22 October 2025
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	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18299095/ Feasibility of real-time ultrasoundfor pudendal nerve block in patients with chronic perineal pain]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18299095/ Feasibility of real-time ultrasoundfor pudendal nerve block in patients with chronic perineal pain]

	~~Bellingham GA, Bhatia A, Chan CW, Peng PW~~. Randomized ~~con-trolled~~ trial comparing pudendal nerve block under ultrasound ~~andfluoroscopic~~ guidance~~.Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2012;37:262-266.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22430025/ Randomized controlled trial comparing pudendal nerve block under ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance]

	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26780419/ Ultrasound-Guided PudendalNerve Block at the Entrance of the Pudendal (Alcock) Canal:Description of Anatomy and Clinical Technique]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26780419/ Ultrasound-Guided PudendalNerve Block at the Entrance of the Pudendal (Alcock) Canal:Description of Anatomy and Clinical Technique]

	[https://www.canjurol.com/html/free-articles/Cdn_JU28_I2_19_FREE_DrOkoro.pdf How I Do It: The Pudendal Nerve Block for Pediatric Ambulatory Urologic Surgery]		[https://www.canjurol.com/html/free-articles/Cdn_JU28_I2_19_FREE_DrOkoro.pdf How I Do It: The Pudendal Nerve Block for Pediatric Ambulatory Urologic Surgery]

WikiSysop at 16:41, 22 October 2025

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 22 October 2025
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	[https://rapm.bmj.com/content/41/5/610 Pudendal Versus Caudal Block in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery: A randomized Controlled Trial]		[https://rapm.bmj.com/content/41/5/610 Pudendal Versus Caudal Block in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery: A randomized Controlled Trial]

	~~Aissaoui Y, Bruy�ere R, Mustapha H, Bry D, Kamili ND, Miller C~~. ~~Arandomized~~ controlled trial of pudendal nerve block for pain reliefafter episiotomy~~.Anesth Analg. 2008;107:625-629.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18633043/ A randomized controlled trial of pudendal nerve block for pain reliefafter episiotomy]

	~~Naja Z, El-Rajab M, Al-Tannir M, et al~~. Nerve stimulator ~~guidedpudendal~~ nerve block versus general anesthesia for ~~hemorrhoidec-tomy.Can J Anaesth. 2006;53:579-585.~~		[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03021848 Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block versus general anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy]

	Naja Z, Ziade MF, L€onnqvist PA. Nerve stimulator guided pudendalnerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain.Can J Anaesth.2005;52:62-68.		Naja Z, Ziade MF, L€onnqvist PA. Nerve stimulator guided pudendalnerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain.Can J Anaesth.2005;52:62-68.

WikiSysop at 16:38, 22 October 2025

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:38, 22 October 2025
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	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24257391/ The effectiveness of pudendal nerve block versus caudal block anesthesia for hypospadias in children]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24257391/ The effectiveness of pudendal nerve block versus caudal block anesthesia for hypospadias in children]

	~~Kendigelen P, Tutuncu AC, Emre S, Altindas F, Kaya G~~. ~~PudendalVersus~~ Caudal Block in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery: ~~ARandomized~~ Controlled Trial~~.Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41:610-615.~~		[https://rapm.bmj.com/content/41/5/610 Pudendal Versus Caudal Block in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery: A randomized Controlled Trial]

	Aissaoui Y, Bruy�ere R, Mustapha H, Bry D, Kamili ND, Miller C. Arandomized controlled trial of pudendal nerve block for pain reliefafter episiotomy.Anesth Analg. 2008;107:625-629.		Aissaoui Y, Bruy�ere R, Mustapha H, Bry D, Kamili ND, Miller C. Arandomized controlled trial of pudendal nerve block for pain reliefafter episiotomy.Anesth Analg. 2008;107:625-629.